physics-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-modern-physics-ii-l-3-4-kbnz3laruew

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;" ><B>Modern Physics</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"><B>Metals and Work Functions</B></Primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:16px;text-align:left; '>
<table>
<thead>
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<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
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<td>Rb</td>
<td>2.261</td>
<td>Re</td>
<td>4.72</td>
<td>Rh</td>
<td>4.98</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ru</td>
<td>4.71</td>
<td>Sb</td>
<td>4.55-4.7</td>
<td>Se</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Se</td>
<td>5.9</td>
<td>Si</td>
<td>4.60-4.85</td>
<td>Sm</td>
<td>2.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sn</td>
<td>4.42</td>
<td>Sr</td>
<td>~2.59</td>
<td>Ta</td>
<td>4.00-4.80</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tb</td>
<td>3.00</td>
<td>Te</td>
<td>4.95</td>
<td>Th</td>
<td>3.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ti</td>
<td>4.33</td>
<td>Tl</td>
<td>~3.84</td>
<td>U</td>
<td>3.63-3.90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>V</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>W</td>
<td>4.32-5.22</td>
<td>Y</td>
<td>3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Yb</td>
<td>$2.60^{[13]}$</td>
<td>Zn</td>
<td>3.63-4.9</td>
<td>Zr</td>
<td>4.05</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
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Metallic Surfaces$\to$Sneak Peak$\to$Correct the Slide$\to$Correct the Expression$\to$<span style="color:blue">Metals and Work Functions</span>$\to$Work Function$\to$Millikan, Einstein, and Planck: The Experiment$\to$University: Millikan Ack: Millikan + Wiki$\to$Early Photoelectric Effect Data$\to$University 2: Millikan Wavelength Independence
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<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;" ><B>Modern Physics</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"><B>Metals and Work Functions</B></Primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:49%;font-size:22px;text-align:left; '>
<p><strong>Work function of elements, in units of electron volt (eV).</strong></p>
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<td>Ag</td>
<td>4.26-4.74</td>
<td>Al</td>
<td>4.06-4.26</td>
<td>As</td>
<td>3.75</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Au</td>
<td>5.1-5.47</td>
<td>B</td>
<td>4.45</td>
<td>Ba</td>
<td>2.52-2.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Be</td>
<td>4.98</td>
<td>Bi</td>
<td>4.31</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ca</td>
<td>2.87</td>
<td>Cd</td>
<td>4.08</td>
<td>Ce</td>
<td>2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Co</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>Cr</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>Cs</td>
<td>1.95</td>
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</tbody>
</table>
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<div style='float: right; width:49%;font-size:22px;text-align:left; '>
<p>$ ~ $</p>
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<td>Cu</td>
<td>4.53-5.10</td>
<td>Eu</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>Fe:</td>
<td>4.67-4.81</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ga</td>
<td>4.32</td>
<td>Gd</td>
<td>2.90</td>
<td>Hf</td>
<td>3.9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hg</td>
<td>4.475</td>
<td>In</td>
<td>4.09</td>
<td>Ir</td>
<td>5.00-5.67</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>K</td>
<td>2.29</td>
<td>La</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>Li</td>
<td>2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lu</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>Mg</td>
<td>3.66</td>
<td>Mn</td>
<td>4.1</td>
</tr>
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<td>Mo</td>
<td>4.36-4.95</td>
<td>Na</td>
<td>2.36</td>
<td>Nb</td>
<td>3.95-4.87</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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Metallic Surfaces$\to$Sneak Peak$\to$Correct the Slide$\to$Correct the Expression$\to$<span style="color:blue">Metals and Work Functions</span>$\to$Work Function$\to$Millikan, Einstein, and Planck: The Experiment$\to$University: Millikan Ack: Millikan + Wiki$\to$Early Photoelectric Effect Data$\to$University 2: Millikan Wavelength Independence
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<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;" ><B>Modern Physics</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"><B>University: Millikan Ack: Millikan + Wiki</B></Primary></p>
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Work Function$\to$Millikan, Einstein, and Planck: The Experiment$\to$<span style="color:blue">University: Millikan Ack: Millikan + Wiki</span>$\to$Early Photoelectric Effect Data$\to$University 2: Millikan Wavelength Independence$\to$Millikan's Experiments$\to$Experimental Results: Zinc$\to$Important Points$\to$Young v/s Millikan
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<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;" ><B>Modern Physics</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"><B>University 2: Millikan Wavelength Independence</B></Primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px; '>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Wavelength Compared with 5461.</th>
<th>Slope in Volt-Frequencies.</th>
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</thead>
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<tr>
<td>3,126</td>
<td>$4.11\times 10^{-35}$</td>
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<td>3,650</td>
<td>$4.14 \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3,126</td>
<td>$4.10  \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
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<td>3,650</td>
<td>$4.12  \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
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<td>3,126</td>
<td>$4.24  \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<td>4,047             $\qquad$</td>
<td>$3.98  \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2,535             $\qquad$</td>
<td>$4.04  \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3,126             $\qquad$</td>
<td>$4.24  \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4,047             $\qquad$</td>
<td>$4.21  \quad$ "</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$\qquad$</td>
<td>$\overline {M e a n. ~.4.131 \times 10^{-35}}$</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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University: Millikan Ack: Millikan + Wiki$\to$Early Photoelectric Effect Data$\to$<span style="color:blue">University 2: Millikan Wavelength Independence</span>$\to$Millikan's Experiments$\to$Experimental Results: Zinc$\to$Important Points$\to$Young v/s Millikan
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<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;" ><B>Modern Physics</B></Success></p>
<p><Primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"><B>Millikan’s Experiments</B></Primary></p>
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<p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>That there exists for each exciting frequency v, above a certain critical value, a definitely determinable maximum velocity of emission of corpuscles.</li>
<li>That there is a linear relation between V and v.</li>
<li>That $\frac{dV}{dv}$ or the slope of the V v line is numerically equal to h/e.</li>
<li>That at the critical frequency $\nu_0$ at which $v = 0$, $p = h \nu_0,$ i.e., that the intercept of the $V v$ line on the v axis is the lowest frequency at which the metal in question can be photoelectrically active.</li>
<li>That the contact E.M.F. between any two conductors is given by the equation.</li>
</ol>
<p>$\text {Contact E.M.F.} = h/e(\nu_0 - \nu_0^\prime)-(V_0 - V_0^\prime).$</p>
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University: Millikan Ack: Millikan + Wiki$\to$Early Photoelectric Effect Data$\to$University 2: Millikan Wavelength Independence$\to$<span style="color:blue">Millikan's Experiments</span>$\to$Experimental Results: Zinc$\to$Important Points$\to$Young v/s Millikan
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