physics-class-11-unit-11-chapter-02-thermal-properties-of-matter-2-lecture-2-4-qdeyud3ck-0

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Anomalous Properties of Water </primary>
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- Anomalous properties of water near $4^\circ C$.

- A given mass of water has minimum volume or maximum density at  $4^\circ C$.

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Thermal Properties of Matter $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Anomalous Properties of Water </span> $\rightarrow$ Specific heat capacity $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Specific heat capacity </primary>
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- Amount of heat, $Q$ is proportional to

- (i) mass of the substance, $Q  \propto m $

- (ii) Temperature difference, $Q \propto \Delta T $

- $Q=\operatorname{Cm} \Delta T$

- C specific heat capacity is expressed in $J/(kg -^{\circ} C)$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Thermal Properties of Matter $\rightarrow$ Anomalous Properties of Water $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Specific heat capacity </span> $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity of Gases </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids </primary>
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| Materials | C $J/(kg -^{\circ}C)$ |
| -------- | -------- |
| Aluminimum    | 900     |
| Copper    | 387     |
| Glass(pyrex)    | 840     |
| Iron    | 452     |
| Water  ($15^{\circ}C$)    | 4186 =  $1 kcal/(kg -^{\circ}C)$    |
| Mercury    | 137     |
| Glycerine    | 2410     |

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Anomalous Properties of Water $\rightarrow$ Specific heat capacity $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids </span> $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity of Gases $\rightarrow$ Thermal Properties of Matter </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Specific Heat Capacity of Gases </primary>
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- $C$ at constant pressure = $C_P$

- $C$ at constant volume = $C_V$

- $C_P > C_V$

| Gas | $C_P (J/{kg -^{\circ}C})$ | $C_V (J/{kg -^{\circ}C})$ |
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| Nitrogen    | 1040     | 739   |
| $CO_2$    | 833     | 638  |
| Water vapour ($150^\circ c$)  | 2020     | 1520 |
| $O_2$    | 912     | 651 |

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Specific heat capacity $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Specific Heat Capacity of Gases </span> $\rightarrow$ Thermal Properties of Matter $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Thermal Properties of Matter </primary>
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| T(k) | Phenomena |
| -------- | -------- |
| 42    | Helium liquefier      |
| 20    | Hydrogen liquefier    |
| 77    | Nitrogen liquefier    |
| 273    | Water freeze     |
| 310    | Human body temperature     |
| 373    | Water boils     |
| 600    | Lead melts     |
| 6008    | Surface temperature of the Sun     |
| 16000    | Core temperature of Earth     |
| $10^7$    | Core  temperature of Sun     |
| $10^9$    | Core temperature of the Stars    |

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Specific Heat Capacity of Solids and Liquids $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity of Gases $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Thermal Properties of Matter </span> $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity $\rightarrow$ Problem </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Problem </primary>
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- In a experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a block of metal of mass 0.2kg at $150^\circ C$ is dropped in a copper calorimeter $(m_{calorimeter} = 0.14kg)$ containing 0.25 kg water  at $27^\circ C$. The final temperature is $40^\circ C$.
- Compute the specific heat capacity of the metal.

- $C_W=4.18 \times 10^3 \mathrm{J} /(kg-k) $

- $C_C=0.386 \times 10^3 J/\left(kg-k\right) $

- Data given:

- $m_m = 0.2kg, Tm_1 = 150^\circ C, Tm_2 = 40^\circ C$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Thermal Properties of Matter $\rightarrow$ Specific Heat Capacity $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Problem </span> $\rightarrow$ Solution $\rightarrow$ Latent Heat </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Solution </primary>
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- $(\Delta T)_m = Tm_1 - Tm_2 = 110^\circ C = 110k$

- Heat lost by the metal block

- $Q_m = C_m (0.2kg)(110k)= 22C_m J \quad ... (1)$

- $ \Delta E (\Delta T)_{W,C} = 40^\circ C - 27^\circ C = 13^\circ C = 13K$

- $Q_T = Q_W + Q_C = M_WC_W(\Delta T) + M_CC_C(\Delta T)$

- $(13.585 + 0.70^3) \times 10^3 J \quad ... (2)$

- $Q_T = Q _m$

- $C_m = 0.649 \times 10^3(J kg^{-1}k^{-1})$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Specific Heat Capacity $\rightarrow$ Problem $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Solution </span> $\rightarrow$ Latent Heat $\rightarrow$ Thermal Properties of Matter </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 2 L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Thermal Properties of Matter </primary>
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- Conversion of liquid into its gaseous form is called evaporation and the reverse process is called as condensation.

- Solid to gas directly  is called as sublimation.

- Going from a gaseous phase to a solid phase is called as condensation.

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Solution $\rightarrow$ Latent Heat $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Thermal Properties of Matter </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank You $\rightarrow$  </footer>