physics-class-11-unit-11-chapter-01-thermal-properties-of-matter-1-lecture-1-4-8dofatdp9tw

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 1 L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Temperature Converter </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- Measurement of the temperature: (ice point to a steam point )
- Normal human body temperature  = $98.6^{\circ} F$  = $37^{\circ} C$

- 100 division in the celcius scale.

- 180 division in the fahrenheit scale.

- $\frac{180}{100} = \frac{9}{5}$

- C = (F-32) $\times \frac{5}{9}$

- $\frac{C}{5} = \frac{F-32}{9} \Rightarrow$ - $20^{\circ} C$

- $\Rightarrow -\frac{20}{5} \times$ 9 = F -32

- $\Rightarrow$ -36  = F - 32 = $-4^{\circ} F$

</div>

![image](https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/physics-class-11-unit-11-chapter-01-thermal-properties-of-matter-1-lecture-1_4-8dofatdp9tw-0004.jpg)

</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Concept of Temperature $\rightarrow$ Concept of Temperature $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Temperature Converter </span> $\rightarrow$ Kelvin Temperature Scale $\rightarrow$ Constant Volume Gas Thermometer </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 1 L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Kelvin Temperature Scale </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- Kelvin scale has enormous scientific importance.

- Absolute temperature: Below which no physical substance can exist or the lowest temperature in the Kelvin scale.

- Conversion between the Celsius scale and the Kelvin temperature:

- T = ($T_c$ + 273.15)K

- T is the temperature in the Kelvin scale.

</div>

</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Concept of Temperature $\rightarrow$ Temperature Converter $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Kelvin Temperature Scale </span> $\rightarrow$ Constant Volume Gas Thermometer $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 1 L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Constant Volume Gas Thermometer </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- The change in temperature of the substance will be proportional to the pressure.

- P $\propto$ T $\Rightarrow \frac{P}{T}$ = constant

- The pressure is proportional to the height difference between the reference level and level of the manometer.
- Temperature difference in the substance will be reflected in the height of the of mercury in the manometer with respect to the reference level.

</div>
	
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>

</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Temperature Converter $\rightarrow$ Kelvin Temperature Scale $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Constant Volume Gas Thermometer </span> $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 1 L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Thermal Expansion of Solids </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- Length, Area, volumne change with temperature.

- $\Delta l \propto l_0 $
 
- $ \Delta l \propto \Delta T $

- $ \Delta A=A_0 \alpha_A \Delta T $

- $ A=A_0+\Delta A=A_0+A_0 \alpha_A \Delta T  =A_0(1+\alpha_A \Delta T)$

- $ l=l_0(1+\alpha_L \Delta T)$

- A = $l^2$=${l_0}^2(1+\alpha_L \Delta T)^2$
 
 - =${l_0}^2(1+2 \alpha_L \Delta T+\alpha_L^2 \Delta T^2) $  = ${l_0}^2 (1 + 2 \alpha_L \Delta T)$
 
- $ A=A_0(1+2 \alpha_L \Delta t) $

</div>

</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Kelvin Temperature Scale $\rightarrow$ Constant Volume Gas Thermometer $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Thermal Expansion of Solids </span> $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids $\rightarrow$ Volume Coefficient of Expansion </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 1 L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Thermal Expansion of Solids </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- Typical values for $\alpha_L$

|Material  |$\alpha_L (10^{-5} \times K^{-1})$|
| -------- | -------- |
|Aluminium|2.5|
|Brass    |1.8|
|Iron     |1.2|
|Copper   |1.7|
|Gold     |1.4|
|Glass (Pyres)|0.32|

</div>

</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Constant Volume Gas Thermometer $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Thermal Expansion of Solids </span> $\rightarrow$ Volume Coefficient of Expansion $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Thermal Properties Of Matter 1 L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Volume Coefficient of Expansion </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- $\alpha_V$ for copper

- $\alpha_V$: volume coefficient of the volume of expansion.

- About 250 Kelvin it is linear and then it becomes non-linear.

</div>

</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Thermal Expansion of Solids $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Volume Coefficient of Expansion </span> $\rightarrow$ Thermal Expansion of Solids $\rightarrow$ Thank You </footer>