physics-class-11-unit-01-chapter-01-excitement-in-physics-lecture-1-2-ivcd6ixele

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Excitement In Physics L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Physics </primary>
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- <span style="color:blue">Involves</span>
* Study of nature.
* Ever wondered.
 * Why the sky is blue?
 * Why do objects fall to the ground?
 * How do the sun and stars produce light?
 * How can I predict the reappearance of comets, eclipses?
 * Why are some substances good conductors while others are poor conductors of electricity?
 
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Excitement in Physics $\rightarrow$ Physics $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Physics </span> $\rightarrow$ Physics $\rightarrow$ Example </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Physics </primary>
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* Physics is involved in study of phenomena at very diverse scales.
 * Scale of our universe  (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo>~</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo></mo> <mn>27</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>m</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mstyle> </math>)
 * Subatomic particles ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo>~</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>18</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>m</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mstyle> </math>)
* Possible to derive properties of bigger and more complex systems from properties and interactions of its constituent parts.
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Physics $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Physics </span> $\rightarrow$ Physics $\rightarrow$ Importance of Physics </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Light </primary>
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* Wave theory of light (18th & 19th century): Young, Fresnel.
 *  Experiments showed that light exhibits phenomena like.
   * interference, diffraction etc.
 * Light is a form of wave.
 * Wave theory explained all the observed phenomena.

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Theory $\rightarrow$ Light $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Light </span> $\rightarrow$ Light $\rightarrow$ Wave-Particle Duality </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Light </primary>
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* Light as an electromagnetic wave (19th century): Maxwell.
* Is made up of time varying electric and magnetic fields.
* Changing electric field produces a changing magnetic field which in turn produces a changing electric field.
* Waves can thus propagate in vacuum.

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Light $\rightarrow$ Light $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Light </span> $\rightarrow$ Wave-Particle Duality $\rightarrow$ New Forms of Light </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> New Forms of Light </primary>
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* Current theory of light.
 * Predicts existence of new forms of light with strange & counterintuitive properties.
 * These properties have been verified experimentally.
 * New field of quantum information science and technology.
 * For secure communication, high speed computation, extremely sensitive sensors, etc.
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Light $\rightarrow$ Wave-Particle Duality $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> New Forms of Light </span> $\rightarrow$ Range of Validity $\rightarrow$ Models </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Models </primary>
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* Describe a physical system using simplified models.
* Example: motion of a ball thrown in air.
 * Ball is not exactly spherical.
 * Surface of the ball is not smooth.
 * There is air resistance and wind.
* To analyze the problem we concentrate on the most important and judiciously chosen aspects.
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">New Forms of Light $\rightarrow$ Range of Validity $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Models </span> $\rightarrow$ Simplified Model $\rightarrow$ Development of Technology </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Optical Fiber Network </primary>
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* Millions of kilometers of optical fibers made of glass carrying information.
* Forms a network around the globe.
* Increasing demand for communication requiring further increase in speed.
* Achieved capacities of Terabits per second ($10^{12}$ bits per second).
* What is the physics behind this application?
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Applications $\rightarrow$ Communication using Light $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Optical Fiber Network </span> $\rightarrow$ Total Internal Reflection $\rightarrow$ Optical Fiber </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Other Recent Developments </primary>
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* Global position systems and relativity theory.
* Electromagnetic induction and superfast maglev trains.
 * Indian Railways exploring such trains to run at 500 km/hr.
* Space exploration.
* Further miniaturizing electronic devices
- Games: Pokemon Go.
 * Using GPS locate and capture virtual creatures.
 * Future games?
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Total Internal Reflection $\rightarrow$ Optical Fiber $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Other Recent Developments </span> $\rightarrow$ New Phenomena $\rightarrow$ Mirage </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Mirage </primary>
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* Light can propagate along curved paths.
* On a hot day, temperature of air decreases with height above the ground.
* Formation of mirage.

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Other Recent Developments $\rightarrow$ New Phenomena $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Mirage </span> $\rightarrow$ Invisibility Cloaking $\rightarrow$ Negative Refractive Index Media </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Metamaterials </primary>
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* By modifying the internal structure of a medium we can obtain very interesting properties.
 * Structuring at a scale small compared to the wavelength of the wave.
 * Recently developed nanotechnology for fabrication.
* Same principles describe interaction of the material with any type of wave.
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Invisibility Cloaking $\rightarrow$ Negative Refractive Index Media $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Metamaterials </span> $\rightarrow$ Metamaterials $\rightarrow$ Studying Physics </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomimetics </primary>
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* Interdisciplinary field of physics, chemistry and biology.
* Living organisms have evolved over millions of years of natural selection.
* Develop materials and systems that mimic biological systems.
*  Helps us in design and development of new technology.

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![image](https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/physics-class-11-unit-01-chapter-01-excitement-in-physics-lecture-1_2-_ivcd6ixele-238-2356.8.jpg)

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Metamaterials $\rightarrow$ Studying Physics $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomimetics </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomimetics Examples $\rightarrow$ Color in Nature </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomimetics Examples </primary>
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* Velcro tape.
 * Inspiration from raptors and owls to develop wings that can change shape to reduce drag.
 * Termite mounds and regulation of temperature, humidity and air flow.
 * New hypodermic needles like mosquito's proboscis.
 * Magnetic navigation in animals, birds and insects.
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Studying Physics $\rightarrow$ Biomimetics $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomimetics Examples </span> $\rightarrow$ Color in Nature $\rightarrow$ Origin of the Colors in Nature </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Origin of the Colors in Nature </primary>
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* Understanding the origin of the colors.
* Fabricating structures.
* Designing beyond.

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomimetics Examples $\rightarrow$ Color in Nature $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Origin of the Colors in Nature </span> $\rightarrow$ Applications $\rightarrow$ Physics in Class XI </footer>

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### <primary style="font-size:24px"> C. V. Raman </primary>
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- Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman FRS (7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist known for his work in the field of light scattering. Using a spectrograph that he developed, he and his student K. S. Krishnan discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, the deflected light changes its wavelength and frequency. Raman received the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery and was the first Asian to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science.

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Physics in Class XII $\rightarrow$ Future $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> C. V. Raman </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank You $\rightarrow$  </footer>