chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3-3-rxupnpfr1js

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Lecture plan</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Antacids</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antihistamines</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Analgesics</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tranquilizers</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antibiotics</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antiseptics and disinfectants</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-01.jpg"></p>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> <span style="color:blue">Lecture plan</span> $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antacids</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The pH of the stomach is 1.5-2.5 when empty and raises to 5-6 when food is ingested</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Low pH is due to the presence of endogenous HCl, which is always present under physiological conditions</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Gastric acidity occurs due to excessive secretion of HCl in stomach due to</p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Alcohol consumption</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Anxiety</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antacids</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antacids</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:center'>
<h4 id="excess-release-of-hcl-in-stomach-results-into">Excess release of HCl in stomach results into</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Gastric ulcers</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Duodenum ulcers</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Esophagus ulcers</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Gastritis (inflammation of gastric mucosa)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: left; text-align:center; width:40%'>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/11c5a4fb-c413-4a33-5aef-5d34a2e9f800/public" width="80%">
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antacids</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antacids</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Class of drugs which reduce gastric acidity resulting in an increase in the pH of stomach and duodenum</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Action mechanism</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Neutralization reaction</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Gastric acid + antacid $\rarr$ buffer</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antacid $\rightarrow$ base/basic salt</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-04.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antacids</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of antacids</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<h4 id="systemetic-antacids">Systemetic antacids</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Water soluble and readily absorbed</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>e.g. $NaHCO_3$</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="non-systemetic-antacids">Non-systemetic antacids</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Water insoluble and poorly absorbed</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>e.g. $Al(OH)_3, MgCO_3$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-028-0364.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of antacids</span> $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Criteria for an ideal antacid</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Should make buffer in the range of pH 4-6</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Should not be absorber or cause systemic alkalosis</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Should not interfere with absorption of food</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Should be inexpensive</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Unfortunately, every antacid has some side effect especially when used for longer period or used in elderly patients</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-030-0412.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Criteria for an ideal antacid</span> $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Side effects</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$NaHCO_3$  is not suitable for the treatment of peptic ulcer because of risk of ulcer perforation due to production of carbon dioxide in the stomach</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$NaHCO_3$ leads to congestive heart failure because of sodium ion load</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Al(OH)_3$ cause constipation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CaCO_3$ cause hypercalcemia on long term use</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Magnesium salts act as laxative</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-08.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Side effects</span> $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>How to avoid side effect</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>To avoid certain side effects, combinations of antacids are used</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="magnesium-and-aluminum-antacid-formulations">Magnesium and aluminum antacid formulations</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Mg salts are faster acting, whereas Al salts have longer lasting relief</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Mg salts act as laxative, whereas Al salts cause constipation</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-033-0560.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">How to avoid side effect</span> $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antihistamines</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Histamines</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Consists an imidazole ring which can exist in two tautomeric forms</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Dragstedt in 1945 has summarized the evidence in favour of histamine acting as the effective agent in allergy</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Increases permeability of blood vessels</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Activates immune system</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Exhibit symptoms as seen during cold</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/1b2de072-21ea-42af-dc61-706347329900/public" width="80%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antihistamines</span> $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antihistamines</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Secretion of acid through histamine</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/da6b4048-1c07-4939-0c7d-918db192e100/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antihistamines</span> $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Histamine receptors</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Type of histamine receptors</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>H1</strong> receptors histamine receplor’s involved in the inflammation process</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>H2</strong> receptors histamine receptors responsible for gastric acid secretion</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Search for Antihistamines</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>It should be recognized by the histamine receptor but bind in such a way that it acted as an
antagonist rather than an agonist</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-040-0882.0.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Histamine receptors</span> $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Histamine receptors</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>The structure of histamine is Vary in such a way that it would still be recognized by the receptor but acted as an antagonist</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d9bfdbdd-a3f0-43a8-7514-f4f3cf4ead00/public" width="60%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Histamine receptors</span> $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Design of antagonist</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Antagonist has to compete with agonist for receptor</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b68eedf8-7029-45d7-36bf-8ab24637ad00/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Design of antagonist</span> $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Design of antagonist</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Antagonist has to compete with agonist for receptor</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antagonist a better fit</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/1c16ff46-7d61-4946-fbcc-87cd7a7e1e00/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Design of antagonist</span> $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Binding interaction for H2</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The side-chain had to have a positively charged nitrogen atom with at least one attached proton</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>There had to be a flexible chain between the eation and a heteroaromatic ring</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/01135273-19f6-4255-7852-d189c09d1300/public" width="500%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Binding interaction for H2</span> $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Binding interaction for H2</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>The heteroaromatic ring had to contain an amidine unit</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>(HN-CH-N)</strong></p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/01135273-19f6-4255-7852-d189c09d1300/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Binding interaction for H2</span> $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Binding interaction for H2</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Antagonist has to compete with agonist for receptor</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Design of Antihistamine</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3d35654c-c22c-4ee0-7cb8-12165a18e400/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Binding interaction for H2</span> $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antihistamine</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<h4 id="metiamide">Metiamide</h4>
<ul>
<li>Patients suffered from kidney damage susceptible to infection</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/259fece7-7d3c-4651-6b8f-86c5855e2d00/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antihistamines</span> $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antihistamine</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<h4 id="cimetidine">Cimetidine</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Does not show toxic side effects observed for metiamide</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Slightly more active than metiamide</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/36a40581-86b3-4932-eb64-9c6fdaa5e700/public" width="70%" >


</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$  Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antihistamines</span> $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Cimetidine</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Metabolically stable</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Exereted largely unchanged</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Found to inhibis P-450 cytochrome oxidase system in the liver</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/bc13a25e-a476-4583-f318-0f95630a5600/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Cimetidine</span> $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Cimetidine</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<h4 id="p-450-cytochrome-oxidase">P-450 cytochrome oxidase</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>An important enzyme system in the metabolism of drugs</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Care must be taken if other drugs are being taken at the same time as Cimetidine especially</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>diazepam, lidocaine, warfarin or theophylline</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-23.jpg"></p>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Cimetidine</span> $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Ranitidine</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Fewer - side effects, lasts longer and is ten times more active than cimetidine</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Does not inhibit P - 450 cytochrome oxidase system</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/1df003ce-cab1-4493-dfee-6ce79c0c4700/public" width="70%" >


</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Ranitidine</span> $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Neourologically active drugs</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Affect the message transfer mechanism from nerve to receptor</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Classification</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Analgesics</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tranquilizers</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-058-1562.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Neourologically active drugs</span> $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Analgesics</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of conciouseness, mental confusion, paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Morphine</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Most effective painkiller available to medicine</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Acts in the brain and appears to work by elevating the pain threshold</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Thus decreasing the brains’s awareness of pain</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c6042c61-8971-40c1-85ec-8981e2023e00/public" width="50%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Analgesics</span> $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Side effects of morphine</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:21px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Excitation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Euphoria</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Constipation</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Depression of the respiratory centre</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Pupil Constriction</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Addictive</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Nausea</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tolerance</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-062-1624.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Side effects of morphine</span> $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>How to reduce side effects </B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Synthesize morephine analogues to improve activity and reduce side-effects</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Essential to understand the interaction of Morphine with its receptors</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-063-1648.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">How to reduce side effects</span> $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>The aromatic ring in morphine is orientated properly with respect to the nitrogen atom that allow Van der Waals interaction with a suitable hydrophobic location on the receptor</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/295b15fa-40ca-4689-fb88-945af8feaf00/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action</span> $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>The phenol group is hydrogen-bonded to a suitable residue at the receptor site</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/295b15fa-40ca-4689-fb88-945af8feaf00/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action</span> $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>The Quaternary nitrogen is ionic-bonded to a suitable residue at the receptor site</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/295b15fa-40ca-4689-fb88-945af8feaf00/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action</span> $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>A ‘hollow’ just large enough for the ethylene bridge of carbons 15 and 16 to fit</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Such a fit would help to align the molecule and enhance the overall fit</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/295b15fa-40ca-4689-fb88-945af8feaf00/public" width="50%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action</span> $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The aromatic ring, phenol and the nitrogen group are essential for analgesic property</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Benzomorphans are synthesized</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/2babd8ef-beb6-4311-8671-bb6e4a95b300/public" width="50%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action</span> $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Benzomorphans</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:21px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Phenazocene</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>4 times more potent than morphine</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Long-term analgesic</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Very low risk of addiction</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Bremazocine</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>200 times more potent than morphine</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Non-addictive</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Does not depress breathing</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/11397c8f-26fa-4fb0-a54f-da99cb93ff00/public" width="500%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Benzomorphans</span> $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Tranquilizers</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>A class of drugs used for the treatment of stress, and mild or even severe mental diseases</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Essential component of sleeping pills</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="target">Target</h4>
<ul>
<li>y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/521486af-9205-4c55-8b18-9c9f58c51300/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Tranquilizers</span> $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Empty receptor (no against)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>chloride ion channel is closed</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Binding of GABA to receptor</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Causes chloride ion channel to open. leading to hyperpolarization of the cell</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Binding of GABA and benzodiazepine to receptor</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Results in a greater entry of chloride ion</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-070-2006.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$  Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action</span> $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Entry of chloride ion hyperpolarizes the cell, making it more difficult to depolarize and therefore reduces neural excitability</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b871871b-6d21-4a3e-bf84-04e4debcf400/public" width="60%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$  Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action</span> $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antimicrobials drugs</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Chemical agents that prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes
such as bacteria, fungi, virus, or other parasites selectively</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="antimicrobial-drugs">Antimicrobial drugs</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Antibiotics</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antiseptics</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Disinfectants</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-075-2188.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antimicrobials drugs</span> $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antibiotics</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Chemical substance produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations inhibits the growth or destroys bacteria</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Mechanism of action</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Mode of action of a few antibacterial agents</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Inhibition of cell metabolism</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/af7d997a-b346-46aa-6578-e87165da3800/public" width="50%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antibiotics</span> $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Inhibition of cell metabolism</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Antibacterial agents which inhibit cell metabolism are called antimetabolites</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Inhibits the metabolism of a microorganism, but not the metabolism of the host</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Sulfonamides</strong></p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/8960c79a-8639-43e8-92ff-f01451a44200/public" width="60%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Inhibition of cell metabolism</span> $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Inhibition of cell metabolism</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Competitive inhibit of Dehydropterote synthetase enzyme</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Biosynthesis of nucleic acids
is disrupted</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Cessation of cell growth and division</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-082-2421.6.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Inhibition of cell metabolism</span> $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Sulfonamides</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Effective against Gram-positive organisms, especially pneumococci and meningococei</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ineffective against infections such as Salmonella-the organism responsible for typhoid</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Problems have resulted from the way these drugs are metabolized</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/207f408f-fe5b-456a-2e09-af83a9494200/public" width="90%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Sulfonamides</span> $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Sulfonamides</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Acidity of sulfonamide NH proton</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Not very Acidic</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Sulfathiazole and its metabolite are unionized at blood pH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Overcome by replacing thiazole ring with pyrimidine ring</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0ada025f-368e-4acc-606e-ddd95eb1d700/public" width="40%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/ffc4ad97-f8a4-493a-3f43-154a38070300/public" width="40%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d6687458-5776-4217-9089-949225094800/public" width="60%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/ee520a20-2d68-49b0-7410-e1e9d4833300/public" width="60%" >
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Sulfonamides</span> $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Sulfonamides</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>Less toxic</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>More electron-withdrawing pyrimidine ring increase the acidity of NH proton by stabilizing the anion</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Sulfadiazine and its metabolite are ionized at blood pH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Soluble and less toxic</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0ada025f-368e-4acc-606e-ddd95eb1d700/public" width="40%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/ffc4ad97-f8a4-493a-3f43-154a38070300/public" width="40%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d6687458-5776-4217-9089-949225094800/public" width="60%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/ee520a20-2d68-49b0-7410-e1e9d4833300/public" width="60%" >



</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Sulfonamides</span> $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Inhibition of cell wall synthesis</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Lead to cell lysis and death</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Animal cells do not have a cell wall</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Unaffected by penicillins and cephalosporins</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3b9c8fa3-2e6b-4e99-0e4e-096cd777f500/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Inhibition of cell wall synthesis</span> $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Discovery of penicillin</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Alexander fleming 1928</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Stuphylococcus culture was contaminated with a
mould which had destroyed the bacteria</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A mother of Serendipitous experiments</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>


</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Discovery of penicillin</span> $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Penicillin G</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>The first penicillin to be isolated</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Penicillin G</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Active against Gram-positive bacilli</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Non-toxic</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ineffective when taken orally
(breakdown in the acidic conditions of the stomach)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Sensitive to $\beta$-lactamase</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Narrow spectrum of activity</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/05e8ae26-09c2-4fcb-319f-4cb747672900/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Penicillin G</span> $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Penicillin G</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>To overcome these disadvantages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Penicillin analogues are highly desirable</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Structure-activity studies have done</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>What feature of penicillin are important
to Activity</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-092-2887.2.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Penicillin G</span> $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>SARs of penicillin</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Amide essential</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Cis stereochemistry</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Lactam essential</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Free acid essential</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Bicyelic system essential</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/26b6ec60-d295-4edf-1d09-d156790f0d00/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">SARs of penicillin</span> $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Acid sensitivity of penicillin</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Acid catalysed opening of ring</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Neighbouring acyl group participation</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3f1c2831-9060-4bf5-f077-4e093574a900/public" width="90%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Acid sensitivity of penicillin</span> $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Acid sensitivity of penicillin</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Incorporate electron-withdrawing group near to carbonyl group</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>I effect reduce electron density and therefore tendency of carbonyl group to act as
nucleophile</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/1c567fe5-fbbd-4e7f-9996-c5aa211dc600/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Acid sensitivity of penicillin</span> $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>β-lactamase</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Enzymes produced by penicillin-resistant bacteria which catalyse the following reaction</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Deactivation of Penicillin</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/003c7c80-bbe4-4df5-a9a7-564b914aa900/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">β-lactamase</span> $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>To overcome sensitivity to $\beta$-lactamase</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Find the ideal “shield” which would be large enough to ward
off the lactamase enzyme, but would be small enough to allow
the penicillin to do its duty</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a958a146-d764-4bec-612b-c529acbc3400/public" width="70%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin</span> $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antiseptics and disinfectants</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>Antiseptics</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Chemical agents that destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms in or on living tissue</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Disinfectants</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Chemical agents that used on inanimate objects or surfaces</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Disinfectants are more toxic & stronger than antiseptics</strong></p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/8d2a5dfa-fd45-4652-81ee-230b46847e00/public" width="50%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antiseptics and disinfectants</span> $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Antiseptics and disinfectants</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<h4 id="chlorhexidine">Chlorhexidine</h4>
<ul>
<li>Act as antiseptics as well as disinfectant by varying the concentration</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/4fc082c6-f15e-4b25-7c18-774f9b7ede00/public" width="70%" >

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<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Antiseptics and disinfectants</span> $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mode of action of chlorhexidine</B></primary></p>
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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/28deeb14-41a6-4509-b217-6108d6fc6800/public" width="50%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mode of action of chlorhexidine</span> $\rightarrow$ Conclusion </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Chemistry in everyday life Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Conclusion</B></primary></p>
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<li>
<p>Functioning of antacids</p>
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<p>Antihistamines as H2 antagonists</p>
</li>
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<p>Analgesics (morphine and its analogues)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tranquilizers as GABA inhibitors</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antibiotics (sulfonamides, penicillins)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Antiseptics and Disinfectants</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-16-chapter-03-chemistryin-everyday-life-l-3_3-rxupnpfr1js-108-3404.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:13px;"> Lecture plan $\rightarrow$ Antacids $\rightarrow$ Classification of antacids $\rightarrow$ Criteria for an ideal antacid $\rightarrow$ Side effects $\rightarrow$ How to avoid side effect $\rightarrow$ Antihistamines $\rightarrow$ Histamine receptors $\rightarrow$ Design of antagonist $\rightarrow$ Binding interaction for H2 $\rightarrow$ Cimetidine $\rightarrow$ Ranitidine $\rightarrow$ Neourologically active drugs $\rightarrow$ Analgesics $\rightarrow$ Side effects of morphine $\rightarrow$ How to reduce side effects $\rightarrow$ Mode of action $\rightarrow$ Benzomorphans $\rightarrow$ Tranquilizers $\rightarrow$ Antimicrobials drugs $\rightarrow$ Antibiotics $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell metabolism $\rightarrow$ Sulfonamides $\rightarrow$ Inhibition of cell wall synthesis $\rightarrow$ Discovery of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Penicillin G $\rightarrow$ SARs of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ Acid stable penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-lactamase $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase sensitivity of penicillin $\rightarrow$ β-Lactamase-resistant penicillins $\rightarrow$ Antiseptics and disinfectants $\rightarrow$ Mode of action of chlorhexidine $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Conclusion</span> </footer>