chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-07-biomolecules-l-7-12-qhaktaj34qa

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Amino acids</B></primary></p>
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<li>An amino acid is a carboxylic acid with a protonated amino group on the $\alpha$ - carbon</li>
</ul>
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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/bffc648b-c2db-4d89-950c-50a9c9aa7900/public" width="30%">

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<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Amino acids</span> $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ Determining the pI $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Hetrocyclic amino acids</B></primary></p>
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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/bcd1059d-e0be-4e0c-fbaf-207f034e7900/public" width="30%">
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<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Hetrocyclic amino acids</span> $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ Determining the pI $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Configuration of amino acids</B></primary></p>
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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d873c27b-6b56-44ff-f30e-25f598bed700/public" width="50%">
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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/2419956e-1494-4e3d-db98-f016a6bb4b00/public" width="80%">
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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/009c2fad-727f-4226-a080-216bd606a500/public" width="90%">




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<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Configuration of amino acids</span> $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ Determining the pI $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Acid-base properties of amino acids</B></primary></p>
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<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>

</div>
<div style='float: center; width:100%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/7ea728b7-ab02-4dad-73d7-127b43839d00/public" width="70%">

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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Acid-base properties of amino acids</span> $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ Determining the pI $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>The isoelectric point</B></primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The isoelectric point of an amino acid is the pH at which it has no net charge</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>In other words, it is the pH at which the amount of positive charge on an amino acid exactly balances the amount of (-) ve charge</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>pI = pH at which there is no net charge</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-07-biomolecules-l-7_12-qhaktaj34qa-13.jpg"></p>
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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">The isoelectric point</span> $\rightarrow$ Determining the pI $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Determining the pI</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Determining of the pI of an amino acid without an ionizable side chain</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>pI = $\frac{2.34+9.69}{2}=\frac{12.03}{2}=6.02$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/aebb80a0-8feb-4a47-b444-99e23d1b9000/public" width="100%">

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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Determining the pI</span> $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Determining the pI</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Determining of the pI of an amino acid without an ionizable side chain</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>pI=$\frac{8.95+10.79}{2}=\frac{19.74}{2}=9.87 $</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b5f58c88-bdd2-49d1-fd5c-87756324f800/public" width="100%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Determining the pI</span> $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Determining the pI</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Determining of the pI of a glutamic acid without an ionizable side chain</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>pI =$\frac{2.19+4.25}{2}=\frac{6.44}{2} = 3.22 $</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/f56e591c-2891-4c53-ab62-822da6a78d00/public" width="100%">

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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Determining the pI</span> $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>An introduction to protein structure</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The primary structure of a protein is the sequence the amino acids in the chain and the location of all the disulfide bridges</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Secondary structures are regular conformations assumed by segments of the protein’s backbone when it folds</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-07-biomolecules-l-7_12-qhaktaj34qa-18.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ Determining the pI $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">An introduction to protein structure</span> $\rightarrow$ Tertiary structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-7</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Tertiary structure</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The tertiary structure is the three dimensional structure of entire protein</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If a protein has more than one polypeptide chain, it also has a quaternary structure</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The quaternary structure is the way the individual polypeptide chains are arranged with respect to one another</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-07-biomolecules-l-7_12-qhaktaj34qa-19.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Amino acids $\rightarrow$ Aliphatic side chain amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acidic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Amino acids with benzene ring $\rightarrow$ Hetrocyclic amino acids $\rightarrow$ Configuration of amino acids $\rightarrow$ Acid-base properties of amino acids $\rightarrow$ The isoelectric point $\rightarrow$ Determining the pI $\rightarrow$ An introduction to protein structure $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Tertiary structure</span> </footer>