chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-06-biomolecules-l-6-12-zoq13akgeim

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success>
<primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Biomolecules</B></primary></p>
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<p><strong>Topics</strong></p>
<ol>
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<p>Epimerization</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Enediol rearrangement</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Oxidation reduction reactions of monnosaccharides</p>
</li>
</ol>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-06-biomolecules-l-6_12-zoq13akgeim-1.jpg"></p>
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<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Biomolecules</span> $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain</B></primary></p>
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</div>
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<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain</span> $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation</B></primary></p>
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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation</span> $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Disaccharides</B></primary></p>
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<ul>
<li>If the hemiacetal group of a monosaccharide forms an acetal by reacting with an alcohol group of another monosaccharide, the glycoside that is formed is a disaccharide that consist two monosaccharide hooked together by a glycosidic linkage</li>
</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-06-biomolecules-l-6_12-zoq13akgeim-8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Disaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Disaccharides</B></primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Two glucose unit are linked by $\alpha$- 1,4’glycosidic linkage is Maltose</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Two glucose unit are linked by $\beta$- 1,4’glycosidic linkage is Cellobiose</p>
</li>
</ul>

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<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b33607c7-d906-45b8-45e2-afb508d8ad00/public" width="50%">
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a4149f99-9907-4ca8-c2fb-759876d91000/public" width="60%">


</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Disaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Disaccharides</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>D- galactose and D- glucose are linked together  by $\beta$- 1,4’glycosidic linkage is Lactose</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/36cb10b5-f2ed-4db9-39ac-906ee3842100/public" width="35%">
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Disaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Polysaccharides</B></primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Polysaccharides contain as few as 10 or as many as several thousand monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic linkage</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Starch:- starch is a mixture of two different polysaccharides :amylose ( ~ 20%) and amylopectin(~ 80%)</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-06-biomolecules-l-6_12-zoq13akgeim-11.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Polysaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Amylose</B></primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Three subunits of amylose</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\alpha$- 1,4’glycosidic linkage</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b2d7d47a-e8a6-4642-a789-c9fdbb0a6200/public" width="100%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Amylose</span> $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success>
<primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Amylopectin</B></primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$\alpha$-1,4’glycosidic linkage</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\alpha$-1,6glycosidic linkage</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Five subunits of amylopectin</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/66477bc0-6c2f-4079-96fd-e0f5db447700/public" width="100%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Amylopectin</span> $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Cellulose</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Cellulose is the major structural component of plants. cotton, for example is compound of about 90% cellulose</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\beta$-1,4-glycosidic linkage</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Three subunits of cellulose</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/ce3df189-b175-4f5c-d268-9ad143dddf00/public" width="80%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Cellulose</span> $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Problems with solution</B></primary></p>
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<p><strong>Problem 1 -</strong> The correct statement about the following disaccharide is</p>
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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e4f2dc1d-1794-42dd-2e6c-b9038d66cd00/public" style='width:50%;'>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Problems with solution</span> $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Problems with solution</B></primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>(a) Ring $A$ is pyranose with $\alpha$-glycosidic link</p>
<p>(b) Ring $A$ is furanose with $\alpha$-glycosidic link</p>
<p>(c) Ring $B$ is furanose with $\alpha$-glycosidic link</p>
<p>(d) Ring $B$ is pyranose with $\beta$-glycosidic link</p>
<p><strong>Solution</strong>: Ring $A$ is pyranose with $\alpha$-glycosidic link</p>
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<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Problems with solution</span> $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Problems with solution</B></primary></p>
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<p><strong>Problem 2 -</strong> Cellulose upon acetylation with the excess $Ac_2$O ( $H_2SO_4$ catalytic) gives cellulose triacetate whose structure is</p>
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<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Problems with solution</span> $\rightarrow$ Problems </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Problems</B></primary></p>
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<p><strong>Problem 3 -</strong> The following carbohydrate is</p>
<p>(a) ketohexose</p>
<p>(b) an aldohexose</p>
<p>(c) a $\alpha$-furanose</p>
<p>(d) an $\alpha$-pyranose</p>
<p><strong>Solution</strong>: an aldohexose</p>

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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/047cf5fe-514d-4aef-32a4-263782fb8400/public" width="70%">
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<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Kiliani fischer synthesis-lenthening the chain $\rightarrow$ Shortening the chain: the wohl degradation $\rightarrow$ Disaccharides $\rightarrow$ Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ Amylose $\rightarrow$ Amylopectin $\rightarrow$ Cellulose $\rightarrow$ Problems with solution $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Problems</span> </footer>