<p><Success style= "margin-top:16rem;text-align:center;"><B>Biomolecules <br> Lecture-1</B></B></Success></p>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Biomolecules</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>Organic compounds found in living systems</p> </li> <li> <p>Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids etc</p> </li> <li> <p>Essential constituent of our food</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-01.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Biomolecules</span> $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Biomolecules</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>Their interaction constitute the logic of life processors</p> </li> <li> <p>Major source of metabolic energy</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>What are carbohydrates?</strong></p> <ul> <li>polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-02.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Biomolecules</span> $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Fischer projection formulas</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li>Glucose and fructose have molecular formulas $C_6H_{12}O_6$</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> <!----> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/124126a3-bd3b-4a1d-c33f-ed4aa454d200/public" style='width:30%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Fischer projection formulas</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of carbohydrates</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>Sarkara in sanskrit</p> </li> <li> <p>Sakcharon in greek</p> </li> <li> <p>Saccharum in latin</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Simple carbohydrates</strong></p> <ul> <li>Monosaccharides (single sugar)</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-04.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of carbohydrates</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of carbohydrates</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li>Complex carbohydrates</li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p>Contain two or more monosaccharides</p> <ul> <li> <p>Disaccarides (2 monosaccharides)</p> </li> <li> <p>Oligosaccharides (3-10 monosaccharides)</p> </li> <li> <p>Polysaccharides (>10 monosaccharides)</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-05.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of carbohydrates</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of carbohydrates</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li>A monosaccharides subunits</li> </ul> <p><strong>(-M-M-M-M-M-M-)</strong></p> <p>Polysachharides $\xrightarrow{\text{hydrolysed}}$ n M (Monosaccharides)</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-06.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of carbohydrates</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of monosaccharides</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>Number of carbon atoms present in the molecule</p> </li> <li> <p>An aldehyde or keto group</p> </li> <li> <p>Monosaccharides (contain)</p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p>Carbon atoms - triose</p> </li> <li> <p>Carbon atoms - tetrose</p> </li> <li> <p>Carbon atoms - pentose</p> </li> <li> <p>Hectose, heptose etc</p> </li> </ul> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of monosaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of monosaccharides</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>An aldehyde group is called aldose</p> </li> <li> <p>A keto group is called ketose</p> </li> <li> <p>A $C_4$ aldose, for example aldotetrose</p> </li> <li> <p>A $C_5$ ketose is called ketopentose</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-07.jpg"> <img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-08.jpg"> <img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-09.jpg"> <img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-10.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of monosaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success> <primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of monosaccharides</B></primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> **Structure** </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <!----> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c87a73d0-c165-42d9-9d66-08645c2ffc00/public" width="25%"> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of monosaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of monosaccharides</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>4 stereoisomers for both the molecules are possible</p> </li> <li> <p>D, L desingnation of monosaccharides</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-12.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of monosaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of monosaccharides</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <!----> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/2680fa05-94ff-4e0a-df60-9222d5256600/public" width="70%"> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of monosaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of monosaccharides</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>(+) Glyceraldehyde</p> </li> <li> <p>(R) $-(+)$ Glyceraldehyde</p> </li> <li> <p>(-)Glyceraldedyde</p> </li> <li> <p>(S)-$(-)$ Glyceraldehyde</p> </li> <li> <p>1906 by M.A’. Rosonoff D,L system</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-14.jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of monosaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of monosaccharides</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>(+) Glyceraldehyde $-$ D(+) -Glyceraldehyde</p> </li> <li> <p>(-) Glyceraldehyde $-$ L(-) - Glyceraldehyde</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-15.jpg"></p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of monosaccharides</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Structure</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <!----> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/794dacbe-c0cb-4bb0-6b67-27b871c35900/public" width="45%"> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-16.jpg"></p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Structure</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Structure</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> </div> <div style='float:center; width:100%;'> <!----> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/cdf4876c-a7c0-4ff4-6bcb-67da84e90000/public" width="50%"> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-17.jpg"></p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Structure</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Structure</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> </div> <div style='float: center; width:100%;'> <!----> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/87980d1d-96b4-42fa-fc54-fff3e2e97d00/public" width="70%"> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-18.jpg"></p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Structure</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Biomolecules Lecture-1</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Structure</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> <!----> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d217b329-9a58-439e-3ee9-980540862900/public" width="50%"> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-14-chapter-01-biomolecules-l-1_12-l1pzibkuqjk-19.jpg"></p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Biomolecules $\rightarrow$ Fischer projection formulas $\rightarrow$ Classification of carbohydrates $\rightarrow$ Classification of monosaccharides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Structure</span> </footer>

<p><Success style= "margin-top:16rem;text-align:center;"><B>Thank you</B></B></Success></p>