chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3-5-zgghoookqu4

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Organic compounds</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>1780s</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Organic compounds - obtained from living sources</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Inorganic compounds - obtained from non-living sources</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Friedrich wöhler (1828)</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Organic compounds were synthesized from inorganic sources</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/128ad0d6-8410-465c-15e7-f2a925e56500/public" width="90%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Organic compounds</span> $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Organic compounds(Question)</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>How many organic compounds are there?</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>In 2001 there were about 16 million organic compounds known</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>How many more are possible?</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>There is no limit (except the number of atoms in the universe)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/128ad0d6-8410-465c-15e7-f2a925e56500/public" width="100%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Organic compounds(Question)</span> $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Organic chemistry</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Life is organic chemistry</li>
<li>Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon</li>
<li>Origin of life</li>
</ul>
<p>$\mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{CO}_2, \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{H}_2$</p>
<p>$ \quad \quad \quad \quad \downarrow$
electric discharges(like lightning)</p>
<p>Highly reactive species</p>
<p>$ \quad \quad \quad \quad \downarrow$</p>
<p>Amino acids, $\mathrm{HCHO}$, $\mathrm{HCN}$, purines, pyrimidines</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-022-0326.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Organic chemistry</span> $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Organic chemistry</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>An organic molecule’s contribution to freedom struggle!!</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>With expansion of British power in bengal, indigo planting became more and more commercially profitable due to the demand for Blue Dye in Europe</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The indigo planters mercilessly pursued the peasants to plant indigo instead of food crops.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They provided loans at a very high interest.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Once a farmer took such loans he remained in debt for whole of his life before passing it to his successors.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The farmers could make no profit by growing indigo.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-023-0405.6.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Organic chemistry</span> $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Chlorophyll and several other pigments such as beta-carotene, organized in clusters in the thylakoid membrane are involved in the light reaction</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Each of these differently-colored pigments absorbs a different color of light and passes its energy to the central chlorophyll</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b982c6d0-fa04-4db0-c769-50a312993800/public" width="70%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment</span> $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Chemical reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Chemical reaction involved in photosynthesis:</li>
</ul>
<p>$6 \mathrm{CO}_2$ (gas) $+12 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ (liquid) + photons $\rarr$</p>
<p>$ C_6H_{12}O_6$ (aqueous) $+6O_2$ (gas) $+6 H_2O$ (liquid)</p>
<ul>
<li>Carbon dioxide + water + light energy $\rightarrow$ glucose + oxygen + water</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-033-0883.2.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Chemical reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Chemical reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Amines are organic bases</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>They are found widely in nature</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Trimethylamine occurs in animal tissue, and the distinctive odor of fish is due to amines</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Amines isolated from plants are called alkaloids and many are pharmacologically important</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/7d0107e4-5343-46de-0760-9e31b4ad1b00/public" width="100%">

</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-034-0952.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Chemical reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Chemical reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>For the common name of simple aliphatic amines, name the alkyl group(s) on the nitrogen and attach “amine”</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use the prefixes “di” and “tri” as needed</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The systematic name is derived from the name of the longest alkane chain present by dropping the final “e” and adding the suffix “amine”</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Then designate smaller alkyl groups as shown, using the italicized locant “N”</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/8652dfc9-f3eb-4c07-dbbe-9ed1575a0c00/public" width="100%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Chemical reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Physical properties and structure of amines</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Amines are moderately polar compounds because of the greater electronegativity of nitrogen relative to carbon and hydrogen</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Since $1^0$ and $2^o$ amines have $\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H}$ bonds, they hydrogen bond intermolecularly causing their boiling points to be higher than those of alkanes of comparable molecular weight but lower than those of similar alcohols</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/f586dc57-a0d8-4ca9-a566-4e9d05883200/public" width="100%">

</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-037-1504.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Physical properties and structure of amines</span> $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Physical properties and structure of amines</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>$3^{\circ} \mathrm{Amines}$ boil at lower temperatures than $1^{\circ}$ and $2^{\circ}$, but all amines can hydrogen bond to water, making low-molecular-weight amines water soluble.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>A comparison :</strong></p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/f586dc57-a0d8-4ca9-a566-4e9d05883200/public" width="100%">

</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-037-1504.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Physical properties and structure of amines</span> $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Amines versus amide</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Amides are much less than amines even though their structural formulas both show an unshared pair of electrons on the nitrogen</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The decreased base strength of amides is explained by both resonance and inductive influences, as with aryl amines</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a39aa404-ce48-420f-adda-5573e5d70200/public" width="100%">
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-038-1791.6.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Amines versus amide</span> $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Amines versus amide</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The Hofmann rearrangement of $1^{\circ}$ amides provides $1^{\circ}$ amines exclusively, with no contamination from $2^{\circ}$ or $3^{\circ}$ amines</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>This reaction also can be useful for shortening a carbon chain, which explains why it is sometimes referred to as a Hofmann degradation</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-040-1963.2.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Amines versus amide</span> $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Replacement reactions</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Replacement Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Reaction of aryl diazonium salts with various reagents results in replacement of the diazonium group by other groups</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/7548c6c0-d407-48ad-93df-fb5cb7f89e00/public" width="60%">

</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-041-2104.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Replacement reactions</span> $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Some biological important amines</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Amines are widely encountered in biological and pharmacological studies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Some important examples are the 2 -phenylethylamines, some vitamins, antihistamines, tranquilizers, and neurotransmitters</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/070d8f1c-2cf4-40e8-3554-3d1f39429000/public" width="100%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Some biological important amines</span> $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Synthesis of amines</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>Nucleophilic substitution reactions - Direct alkylation method</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>The nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides with ammonia is a general synthesis of primary amines</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:100%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a65f5f81-0f93-4ff8-75c2-4c97d3fa3e00/public" width="100%">
<ul>
<li>The reaction may be carried out in aqueous or alcoholic (to improve the solubility of RX) solutions of ammonia</li>
<li>All the usual structural limitations of an $S_{\mathrm{N}} 2$ reaction apply</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-045-2510.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Synthesis of amines</span> $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Hydrolysis of amides</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Sulfonamides hydrolyze much more slowly than carboxamindes, but hydrolysis does occur under acidic conditions</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Under basic conditions, the rapid formation of an anion (derived from the acidic $\mathrm{(H)}$ on nitrogen) inhibits nucleophilic attack and hydrolysis</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-046-2758.8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Hydrolysis of amides</span> $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Bacterial and viral infection</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Can you think of some illnesses caused by viruses or bacteria?</strong></li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center"><strong>Bacterial Infections</strong></th>
<th style="text-align:center"><strong>Viral Infections</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Strep throat</td>
<td style="text-align:center">The flu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Gastroenteritis</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Colds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Cholera</td>
<td style="text-align:center">AIDS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Tuberculosis</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Hepatitis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Food poisoning</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Chicken pox</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Botulism</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Gastroenteritis</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-050-3206.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Bacterial vs viral infection</span> $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Bacterial and viral infection</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center"><strong>Bacterial Infections</strong></th>
<th style="text-align:center"><strong>Viral Infections</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Gangrene</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Measles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Necrotizing fasciitis</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Mumps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Boils, abscesses</td>
<td style="text-align:center">E. Bola</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Pneumonia</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Pneumonia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Acne</td>
<td style="text-align:center">West nile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Meningitis</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Cervical cancer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">Ulcers</td>
<td style="text-align:center"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-050-3206.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Bacterial vs viral infection</span> $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Penicillin</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Discovered from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928 by Alexander fleming</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Alexander fleming</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>6.8.1881 (Scotland) - 11.3.1955 (England)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fields - bacteriology, immunology</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-13-chapter-03-nitrogen-containing-organic-compounds-l-3_5-zgghoookqu4-051-3259.2.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Penicillin</span> $\rightarrow$ Accidental discovery </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Nitrogen containing organic compounds Lecture-3</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Accidental discovery</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>On 3 September 1928, Fleming returned to his laboratory having spent August on vacation with his family</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Before leaving he had put his cultures of staphylococci in a corner of his laboratory.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/67093fda-8aba-4e4f-76c0-5f2eca6ed800/public" width="100%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Organic compounds $\rightarrow$ Organic compounds(Question) $\rightarrow$ Organic chemistry $\rightarrow$ Chlorophyll : The Photosynthetic Pigment $\rightarrow$ Chemical reaction $\rightarrow$ Arylamines $\rightarrow$ Physical properties and structure of amines $\rightarrow$ Amines versus amide $\rightarrow$ Replacement reactions $\rightarrow$ Some biological important amines $\rightarrow$ Synthesis of amines $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis of amides $\rightarrow$ Bacterial vs viral infection $\rightarrow$ Penicillin $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Accidental discovery</span> </footer>