• Closing of O-H bond

• Closing of C-OH bond

• Transpiration of $CO_2 H$ group

• Reaction of C-H bond

Closing of O-H bond

• $R-CH_2-COOH$

• $R-CH_2CO_2H+NaOH \rarr R-CH_2-CO^-_2Na^+ +H_2O$

• $R-CH_2CO_2H+NaHCO_3 \rarr R-CH_2-CO^-_2Na^+ +H_2O+CO_2\uarr$

• $R-CH_2CO_2H+Na \rarr R-CH_2CO_2Na+H_2$

• $R-CH_2-COOH$

• $R-CO_2H+H_2O \leftrightarrow$ $R CO^-_2+H_3O^+$

• $Ka=\frac{[H_3d][RCo^-_2]}{[RCo_2H]}$

• $pKa=-logKa$

• Ka=acid dissociation constant

Closing of O-H bond

• $R-CH_2-COOH$

• $HCO_2 > CH_3-CO_2H > CH_3CH_2CO_2H$

• $CH_3CO_2H$

• $ClCH_2CO_2H$

• $Cl_2CHCO_2H$

• $Cl_2CCO_2H$

• $CH_3CH_2C=O-OH+SOCl_2 \rarr CH_3CH_2C=O-Cl+SO_2\uarr+HCl\uarr$

• $CH_3CH_2CO_2H \xrightarrow[B_2H_6]{LiAlH_4} CH_3CH_2CH_2OH$

• Reaction wilts Hydrocarbon chain: C-H Bond

$CH_3-CH_2-CO_2H\xrightarrow[H_3O]{X_2,P} CH_3-CH-CO_2H$

• Reaction with Hydrocarbon chain: C-H Bond