<p><Success style= "margin-top:16rem;text-align:center;"><B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids <br> Lecture 2</B></Success></p>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Structure of carbonyl group</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>Polarity</p> </li> <li> <p>Nucleophilic(lewis base)</p> </li> <li> <p>Electrophilic(lewis acid)</p> </li> <li> <p>High polarity of the carbonyl group</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <!--<img src='/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-12-chapter-02-aldehydes-ketones-and-carboxylic-acids-l-2_8-hl46lz6lwp4-01.jpg' width=50%>--> <!--<img src='/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-12-chapter-02-aldehydes-ketones-and-carboxylic-acids-l-2_8-hl46lz6lwp4-2(r).jpg' width=50%>--> <img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c4d0c5f2-7abf-459d-cc96-d9e364b50f00/public' width=100%> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Structure of carbonyl group</span> $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>1. Oxidation of alcohols</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Primary alcohols $\xrightarrow{oxidation}$ aldehydes</p> </li> <li> <p>Secondary alcohols $\xrightarrow{oxidation}$ ketones</p> </li> <li> <p>Reagents : PCC (pyridinium chloro chromate)</p> </li> <li> <p>$CrO_3$ in acid medium</p> </li> </ul> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</span> $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left' > <p><strong>2. Dehydrogenation of alcohols</strong></p> <p>$\Rightarrow$ Industrial method</p> <p>$\Rightarrow$ Suitable for volatile alcohols</p> <p>$\Rightarrow$ Alcohols passed through {Ag or Cu catalyst}</p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</span> $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left' > <p><strong>3. From hydrocarbons</strong></p> <p>(A) Ozonolysis of alkenes</p> <ul> <li>Aldehydes, Ketones or mixture of both</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b8fb35e8-cdea-42f8-aaa5-c2caca70cf00/public' width=400%> <!--.jpg)--> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</span> $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left' > <p>(B) Hydration of alkynes</p> <p>$H-C≡C-H \xrightarrow[{H_2 SO_4}]{HgSO_4} CH_3CHO$</p> <p>$R-C≡C-H \xrightarrow[{H_2 SO_4}]{HgSO_4} R-CO-CH_3$</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-12-chapter-02-aldehydes-ketones-and-carboxylic-acids-l-2_8-hl46lz6lwp4-3(2).jpg"></p> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones</span> $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special prepration of Aldehydes</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ol> <li><strong>From acyl chloride:</strong></li> </ol> <ul> <li> <p>Rosenmund reaction</p> </li> <li> <p>$BaSO_4$ has been surface area, reduces the activity of Pd</p> </li> <li> <p>For some reactive acid chlorides, poisons such as thiourea,quinoline etc used</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/84899964-7369-4609-6327-0224ef8b1300/public' width=200%> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special prepration of Aldehydes</span> $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special prepration of Aldehydes</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ol start="2"> <li><strong>From nitriles</strong></li> </ol> <ul> <li> <p>Stephen reaction</p> </li> <li> <p>$R-C≡N \xrightarrow[{HCl}]{SnCl_2}R-CH=N^+ H_2Cl^- $(minimum ion)</p> </li> </ul> <!--.jpg)--> <!--.jpg)--> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special prepration of Aldehydes</span> $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special preparation of Aldehydes</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ol start="3"> <li><strong>From nitriles using DIBAL-H (di-isobutyl aluminium hydride):</strong>-</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Milder than $LiAlH _4$ but stronger than $NaBH _4$</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b893616e-f99e-4221-b4e6-6c139d4cd800/public" style='width:60%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/95550d5a-7dc4-49e8-fcec-15cfd86bbe00/public" style ='width:80%;'> </div> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special prepration of Aldehydes</span> $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special prepration of Aldehydes</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ol start="4"> <li><strong>From esters using DIBAL-H (di-isobutly aluminium hydride)</strong></li> </ol> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/96c8161e-3ce3-464a-a015-57af92d3fb00/public" style='width:100%;'> <!--.jpg)--> <!--.jpg)--> <!--.jpg)--> <!--<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/4004feaa-54c6-4240-26d7-aadfa12d9b00/public" style='width:80%;'>--> </div> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special prepration of Aldehydes</span> $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special prepration of Aldehydes</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li><strong>Aromatic aldehydes</strong></li> </ul> <ol> <li>By oxidation of methyl benzene</li> </ol> <ul> <li>By oxidation with $CrO_2Cl_2$ (chromus chloride)</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <!--.jpg)--> <!--.jpg)--> <img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/cc2fa177-c79a-4a06-bfaf-4848b0ddad00/public' width=100%> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special prepration of Aldehydes</span> $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special prepration of Aldehydes</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ol start="2"> <li>By oxidation with $CrO_3/(CH_3CO)_2O$</li> </ol> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c90ba9b0-fe7d-446b-d2c2-af94d6e09800/public' width=60%> <img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0d3857af-80a5-4952-978c-ce1939322600/public' width=60%> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special prepration of Aldehydes</span> $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes</B></primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ol start="3"> <li><strong>From Benzene</strong></li> </ol> <p>(A) Gattermann - Koch : $CO,HCl$</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <!--.jpg)--> <img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b5fa40e8-26bf-458c-71d0-ec094308f600/public' width=100%> </div> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes</span> $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special preparation of ketones</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'> <ol start="3"> <li><strong>From Benzene</strong></li> </ol> <p>(B) Vilsmeier - Haack: $POCL_3, DMF$</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/777a226a-20e0-4079-3f9b-573393b52d00/public" style='width:80%;'> <!--.jpg)--> <!--.jpg)--> <!--.jpg)--> <!--.jpg)--> <!--<img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b6de91de-6908-4989-26ac-366c0a589000/public' width=100%>--> <!--<img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/fabb9e35-033c-4974-c662-ca1e7cf9ef00/public' width=100%>--> <!--<img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/7d004300-8eff-4b37-0e8b-8b4e3398b900/public' width=100%>--> <!--<img src='https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3c6c67fe-c0d1-447d-850e-300ecad4f300/public' width=100%>--> </div> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special preparation of ketones</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special preparation of ketones</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/bb04a9ea-b948-433e-a6d9-5e8207998c00/public" style='width:60%;'> </div> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special preparation of ketones</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture 2</B></Success></p> <p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Special preparation of ketones</primary></p> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/7e8c589b-b03a-407d-7460-ee5cc5421c00/public" style='width:50%;'> </div> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style="font-size:18px;"> Structure of carbonyl group $\rightarrow$ General preparation of the aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Special prepration of aldehydes $\rightarrow$ Special preparation of aromatic aldehydes $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Special preparation of ketones</span> </footer>

<p><Success style= "margin-top:16rem;text-align:center;"><B>Thank you</B></Success></p>