chemistry-class-12-unit-12-chapter-01-aldehydes-ketones-and-carboxylic-acids-l-1-8-znwgfup-oaw

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Carbonyl compounds</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Aldehydes : R and/ R’=H</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ketone : R & R’ are alkyl or aryl groups</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Carboxylic acid : R’=OH</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Carboxylic acid Ester : R’=OR"</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Carboxylic acid Halides : R’ = Cl,Br,I etc</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Carboxylic acid anhydride :</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Carbonyl compounds</span> $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Carbonyl compounds</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Carboxylic amides :</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$R’=NH_2$(Primary amide)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$R’ =NHR’$(Secondary amide)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$R’=NR’_2$(Tertiary amide)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>


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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Carbonyl compounds</span> $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Nomenclature</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:21px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Examples:</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3COOH$ : Acetic acid</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3CHO$ : Acetaldehyde</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$PhCOOH$ : Benzoic acid</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$PhCHO$ : Benzaldehyde</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>



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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Nomenclature</span> $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Nomenclature ketones</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Common names of ketones are derived by naming two alkylor aryl groups bonded to the carbonyl group</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The locations of substituents are indicated by Greek letters, $\alpha , \alpha^{’},\beta, \beta^{’}$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>

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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Nomenclature ketones</span> $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>IUPAC name</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The IUPAC names of open chain aliphatic aldehydes and ketones are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the ending –e with –al and –one</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>In case of aldehydes the longest carbon chain is numbered starting from the carbon of the aldehyde group</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">IUPAC name</span> $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>IUPAC name</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>In case of ketones the numbering begins from the end nearer to the carbonyl group</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Substituents are prefixed in alphabetical order along with numerals indicating their positions in the carbon chain                       <br>
examples</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>


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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">IUPAC name</span> $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success>
<primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>IUPAC nomenclature of aldehyde</strong>:</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Open chain</strong></p>
<p>(1) Replace alkane with alkanal</p>
<p>(2) Find the longest chain containing the aldehyde group</p>
<p>(3) Numbering from aldehyde group.</p>
<p>(4) Substituents will be written in alphabetical order along with numbers indicating their position(in prefix)</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-12-chapter-01-aldehydes-ketones-and-carboxylic-acids-l-1_8-znwgfup_oaw-4(7).jpg">
<img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-12-chapter-01-aldehydes-ketones-and-carboxylic-acids-l-1_8-znwgfup_oaw-4(8).jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones</span> $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Write the corresponding alkane and then add carbaldehyde</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Numbering will start from the carbon attached -CHO group</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>



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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde</span> $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>IUPAC name of ketones</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Open chain ketone</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Find the longest chain containing carbonyl group with minimum number of the carbonyl carbon</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Indicate the position of the carbonyl group</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>



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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">IUPAC name of ketones</span> $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of cyclic ketones </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>IUPAC name of cyclic ketones</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Replace cycloalkane with cycloalkanone.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Numbering will start from the carbonyl group in the ring</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Example:-</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>3-methylcyclopentanone</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>4-hydroxycyclohexaaone</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>2-methyl cyclohexan-1,3,5-trione</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>2-methyl cyclohexan-1,4-dione</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>



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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Carbonyl compounds $\rightarrow$ Aldehyde & Ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature ketones $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of aldehydes & ketones $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature of cyclic aldehyde $\rightarrow$ IUPAC name of ketones $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">IUPAC name of cyclic ketones</span> </footer>