Alcohols Lecture-5
Glycols
(1) Oxidation
(a) With acidified $KMnO_4$ , $1^o$ & $2^o$ $\rightarrow$ acid or $3^o$ $\rightarrow$ ketone
Reactions of glycols
$ R_2-C-OH+R^1-CH-OH$ $ R_2-C-OH+R^1-CH-OH \rightarrow R_2C=O+R^1COOH$ $R_2C=O$
(b) with periodic acid ($HIO_4$ or $NaIO_4$ (sodium periodate)
$1^o$ , $2^o$ aldehydes or Ketones $3^o$
$ 2CH_2OH+HIO_4/NaIO_4 \rightarrow 2HCHO+H_2O+HIO_3/NaIO_3$
$ R-CHOH-CH_2OH \xrightarrow {HIO_4} RCHO+HCHO+H_2O+HIO_3$
$ R_2-COH-CH_2OH \xrightarrow {HIO_4} R_2C=O+HCHO+H_2O+HIO_3$
Typical example of periodate oxidation
Reaction of glycols
Structure of tetra acetate
$(CH_3)_2-\underset{\underset{OH}{|}}{C}-\underset{\underset{OH}{|}}{C}-(CH_3)_2$
R.D.S. $\rightarrow$ formation of cyclic intermediates
Pinacol $\xrightarrow [{RDS slow}]{HIO_4}$ cyclic intermediate $\xrightarrow{fast}$ aldehyde / ketone
(c) with lead tetraacetate $(CH_3COO)_4 Pb/CH_3COOH$
Glycol which have low solubility in aq medium
$HIO_4 \rightarrow $ aq medium is used
$Pb(OAC)_4 \rightarrow$ organic solvent benzene, toluene, DCM, THF cis & trans 1,2-diols cis-> trans-
Reaction
$2(CH_3)_2-C-OH \rightarrow 2(CH_3)_2-C=O$
Structure
Pinacole rearrangement
(10) Pinacole - pinacolone rearrangement
Rearrangement of pinacole
Rearrangement of a pinacal (1, 2-test-diol) to a ketone in presence of conc $H_2SO_4$ or anhydrous $ZnCl_2$
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R = $CH_3$, $C_6H_5$ $\rightarrow$ symmetrical
R = H, $CH_3$, Ph $\hspace{3mm}$ H > Ph > $Me_3$ > C > $MeCH_2$ > Me
Mechanism
Migratory aptitude
migratory aptitude $\hspace{3mm}$ H > Ar > R
(ⅰ) Nature of group(electron rich group migrates)
Stability of carbocation
Stability of cyclic intermediate
(iii) Stability of cyclic intermediate
I more stable II
Ph gp. migration is preferred
Example
Thank you