chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4-6-1prthldlplk

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Oxidation of alcohols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>By pyridinium chlorochromate(PCC)</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CrO_3$ dissolve in $HCl \xrightarrow {Treatment \hspace{1mm} with \hspace{1mm} Py}$
PCC $\rightarrow CH_2Cl_2$ solvent</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3c409197-2170-485f-5c03-b82889ed6e00/public" width="50%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/007198f0-68f8-4df4-5bd5-a1616e79bb00/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Oxidation of alcohols</span> $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Dehydrogenation</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Dehydrogenation$\rightarrow$ Removal of $H_2$</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$1^o$ $RCH_2OH \xrightarrow [{-H_2}]{Cu/300^oC} RCHO$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$2^o$ $R_2CHOH \xrightarrow [{Cu/300^oC}]{-H_2} R_2CO+H_2 \uparrow$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$3^o$ $R_3C-OH \rightarrow R_2C=CH_2+H_2O$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$R=>CH_3$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-02.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Dehydrogenation</span> $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Dehydration of alcohols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>(Removal of $9-H_2O$)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>(i) Chemical</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>(ii) Catalytic</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Reaction</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$- \overset {|}{\underset{\underset {H} {|}}{C}}-\overset {|}{\underset{\underset {OH} {|}}{C}}- \xrightarrow [{conc. H_3PO_4, \Delta}]{conc H_2SO_4} -\overset{|}{C}=\overset{|}{C}-+H_2O$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-03.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Dehydration of alcohols</span> $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Dehydration of alcohols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Elimination reaction- rearrangement $(E_1)$ $\hspace{2mm}$ $\rightarrow -\overset{+}{\underset{|}{C}}-$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Reactivity $3^o>2^o>1^o$ alcohols</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH \xrightarrow [{\Delta E_1, -H_2O}]{conc H_2SO_4} CH_3CH_2CH=CH_2+CH_3CH=CH-CH_3$ (Major)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$C_6H_5-\overset {\overset {CH_3}{|}}{\underset{\underset {CH_3} {|}}{C-OH}}-\xrightarrow [{-H_2O, \Delta}]{H_2SO_4} C_6H_5-\overset{\overset{CH_3}|}{C}={CH_2}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Catalytic $\rightarrow Al_2O_3$ at $350^oC$ pass vapours of alcohol over alumina</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-03.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Dehydration of alcohols</span> $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Haloform reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Iodoform</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-$
$\quad$(alyl)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3 -\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-R$ $\rightarrow$ Methyl Ketones</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset {\overset {H}{|}}{\underset{\underset {OH} {|}}{C}}-R$ $\hspace{3mm}$ secondary alcohol $\rightarrow CH_3-\underset {\underset {O}{||}}{C}-{R}$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Haloform reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Haloform reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset {\overset {H}{|}}{\underset{\underset {OH} {|}}{C}}-H$ $\hspace{3mm}$ primary alcohol $\rightarrow CH_3-\underset {\underset {O}{||}}{C}-{H}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3 -\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-H$ $\hspace{3mm}$ only aldehyde</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-04.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Haloform reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Haloform reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Compound + $X_2$/alkali $\rightarrow $ halo form</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Compound + $Cl_2 \rightarrow $ chloroform (colorless)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Compound + $Br_2 \rightarrow $ bromoform (pale yellow)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Compound + $I_2 \rightarrow $ iodoform  (pale yellow)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-04.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Haloform reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Alcohol (3 steps)</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:21px;text-align:left'>
<p>(i) Oxidation</p>
<p>(ii) Halogenation</p>
<p>(iii) Hydrolysis</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset {|}{\underset {\underset {OH}{|}}{C}}-$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3 -\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-R$</p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>$2NaOH+Cl_2 \rightarrow NaOCl+NaCl+H_2O$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-05.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Alcohol (3 steps)</span> $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Alcohol (3 steps)</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Ethanol</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>
<p>$CH_3CH_2OH+X_2+2NaOH \rightarrow CH_3CHO+2NaX+2H_2O$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3CHO+3X_2+3NaOH \rightarrow CX_3.CHO+3NaX+3H_2$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CX_3.CHO+NaOH \rightarrow CHX_3(Haloform)+HCOONa$</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>Overall reaction</strong> $CH_3CH_2OH+4X_2+6NaOH \rightarrow CHX_3+HCOONa+5NaX+5H_2O$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-05.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Alcohol (3 steps)</span> $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Haloform reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>$CH_3-\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-$ $\rightarrow$ Methyl Ketone</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-R+3X_2+3NaOH \rightarrow CX_3-\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-R+3NaX+3H_2O$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CX_3-\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-R +NaOH \rightarrow  CHX_3+ R-\overset {\overset {O}{||}}{C}-O-Na$</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>Overall reaction</strong> $CH_3COR+3X_2+4NaOH \rightarrow CHX_3+RCOONa+3NaX+3H_2O$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-06.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Haloform reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Mechanism</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/f340c19a-02c0-4170-940d-a7ae4c1bcd00/public" width="100%" >
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/fcf00fd6-66e1-4cfc-6551-06a3a573d400/public" width="90%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Mechanism</span> $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Hydrolysis reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Application</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>(a) Distinguish ketone / alcohol $CH_3-\overset{\overset{O}{||}}{C}-$</p>
<p>(b) $CHCl_3, CHBr_3,CHI_3$</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-08.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Hydrolysis reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Iodoform reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset{\overset{O}{||}}{C}-OH \xrightarrow {Iodoform} $$\times$ yellow ppt.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset{\overset{O}{||}}{C}-NH_2 \rightarrow  $ $\times$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$CH_3-\overset{\overset{O}{||}}{C}-OCH_3 \rightarrow$ $\times$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Acid & acid derivatives don’t give positive iodoform reaction</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-09.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Iodoform reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Glycols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Glycols are dihydric alcohols</strong> $C_nH_{2n}(OH)_2$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/ef7f8ce4-f9e1-43f0-f1d4-4ae9e918fd00/public" width="35%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Glycols</span> $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Synthesis</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>(I) From alkene</strong>s $\rightarrow $</p>
<p>(a) aq. or alkaline $KMnO_4 \rightarrow $</p>
<p>(b) $OSO_4$</p>
<p>(c) Epoxide / Hydrolysis</p>
<p>(d) Hypohalous acid follow by hydrolysis</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/5920042d-b252-46df-aa79-ca6e67569300/public" width="100%" >
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Synthesis</span> $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Preparation</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>(II) From alkyl halides</strong></p>
<p>(a) hydrolysis with carbonate solution</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/f3cdc669-c34d-45b3-da00-42ce5998ba00/public" width="100%" >
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/9a30ccff-13d1-4c37-da97-dbff561aa700/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Preparation</span> $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>From alkylens diamine</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>(3) From alkylens diamine Treatment with nitrous acid</strong></p>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/cd827cfe-0caa-4fe4-6412-309435981b00/public" width="100%" >
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">From alkylens diamine</span> $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Reduction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>(4) Reduction of various carbonyl compounds</strong>
“electrolytic red”</p>
</div>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/4fb1454f-08ad-4ba5-6efc-f7b57339fa00/public" width="35%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Reduction</span> $\rightarrow$ Reactions of Glycols </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Reactions of Glycols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Reactions of Glycols</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>(a) due to -O-H group</p>
<p>(b) due to R & OH group</p>
<ol>
<li>Action with sodium metal $\rightarrow$ monosodium disodium salt</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0c52e8b1-1c38-4ea3-e520-e43145c60a00/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Reactions of Glycols</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Reactions of Glycols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>(2) with acids - monoester & diester</p>
<p>(3) with acetic - anhydride acetylation</p>
<ul>
<li>$2CH_2OH \xrightarrow [{Py}]{(CH_2CO)_2O} 2CH_2-O-\overset{\overset{O}{||}}{C}-CH_3$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-16.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Reactions of Glycols</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Reactions of Glycols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>(4) With halogen acids</p>
<p>(a) HCl or HBr</p>
<ul>
<li>$2CH_2OH \xrightarrow [{160^oC,-H_2O}]{HCl} HOH_2C-CH_2Cl \xrightarrow [{200^oC,-H_2O}]{HCl} 2CH_2Cl$</li>
</ul>
<p>(b) with $HI/PI_3$</p>
<ul>
<li>$2CH_2OH \xrightarrow [{-2H_2O}]{+2HI} 2CH_2I \xrightarrow {-I_2} \overset {\overset {CH_2}{=}}{CH_2}$</li>
</ul>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Reactions of Glycols</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Reactions of Glycols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>(5) with nitric acid</p>
<ul>
<li>$2CH_2OH +2HONO_2 \rightarrow 2CH_2ONO_2+2H_2O$</li>
</ul>
<p>(6) With $PCl_5, PBr_3$</p>
<ul>
<li>$2CH_2OH \xrightarrow{PCl_5} 2CH_2Cl$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-17.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Reactions of Glycols</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Reactions of Glycols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>(7) with aldehydes & Ketones acetals and ketals cyclic compounds</p>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/14588b6b-4194-4473-1d77-2f0e614f1800/public" width="40%" >
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-18.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Reactions of Glycols</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Reactions of Glycols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>(9) Dehydration $\rightarrow$ (a) heat (b) $ZnCl_2$ anhydrous (c) $H_3PO_4$ (d) conc $H_2SO_4$</p>
<p>(a) $2CH_2OH \xrightarrow[{500^oC}]{\Delta} (CH_2)_2O(epoxide) +H_2O$</p>
<p>(b) $2CH_2OH \xrightarrow[{\Delta, -H_2O}]{ZnCl_2} H_2C=CHOH(vinyl \hspace{1mm} alcohol) \rightarrow H_3C-CHO$ ( acetaldehyde)</p>
<p>(c) $2CH_2OH \xrightarrow [{-H_2O}]{H_3PO_4} HOH_2C-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_2OH$ (diethylene glycol)</p>
<p>(d) $2CH_2OH \xrightarrow[{-2H_2O, \Delta}]{conc. H_2SO_4} 2(CH_2-O-CH_2)$ (dioxane)</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-04-alcohols-l-4_6-1prthldlplk-19.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Oxidation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Dehydrogenation $\rightarrow$ Dehydration of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Alcohol (3 steps) $\rightarrow$ Haloform reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydrolysis reaction $\rightarrow$ Iodoform reaction $\rightarrow$ Active Methylene $\rightarrow$ Glycols $\rightarrow$ Synthesis $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ From alkylens diamine $\rightarrow$ Reduction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Reactions of Glycols</span> </footer>