chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-01-alcohols-l-1

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Alcohols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Reaction</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$C_6H_{12}O_6 \xrightarrow { yeast } 2 C_2H_5 OH+2CO_2 + { heat }$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Uses</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Et OH \rightarrow$ fuel in cars ethanol-gasolin mixture</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-01-alcohols-l-1-3.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Alcohols</span> $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ Boiling point $\rightarrow$ Solubility $\rightarrow$ Classification of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Acidity / Basicity behaviour $\rightarrow$ Preparation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Alkenes $\rightarrow$ Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Boiling point</B></primary></p>
<hr>
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<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Alcohol</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$ - 12 \mathrm{C}$ or more - solids at room temperature</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>As the $C$ chain length $ \uparrow $, boiling point $ \uparrow $ - Vander waals</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>As the branching in $c$ chain $ \uparrow $, boiling point $ \downarrow $</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-01-alcohols-l-1-6.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Alcohols $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Boiling point</span> $\rightarrow$ Solubility $\rightarrow$ Classification of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Acidity / Basicity behaviour $\rightarrow$ Preparation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Alkenes $\rightarrow$ Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Solubility</B></primary></p>
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<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Solubility - $\mathrm{OH}$ polar in nature</strong></li>
</ul>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/4e468c11-aeb6-4ebb-58c3-25db34840800/public" width="40%" >
<ul>
<li>alcohols with longer alkyl chain are immiscible</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-01-alcohols-l-1-7.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Alcohols $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ Boiling point $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Solubility</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Acidity / Basicity behaviour $\rightarrow$ Preparation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Alkenes $\rightarrow$ Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of alcohols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Monohydric $C_n H_{2n+1}{OH}$</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>primary $1^0$ $-\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}$ $\mathrm{CHOH}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>secondary $2^0$ C-OH chain $\uparrow$,Bp.’s miscibility with water increases</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>tertiary $3^0$ - As no. of $\mathrm{OH}$ gps. in alkyl</p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>ethylene glycol</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH} \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH} \quad 197^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-01-alcohols-l-1-8.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Alcohols $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ Boiling point $\rightarrow$ Solubility $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of alcohols</span> $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Acidity / Basicity behaviour $\rightarrow$ Preparation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Alkenes $\rightarrow$ Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Acidity / Basicity behaviour</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$p k a \sim(16-19)$ weaker acids than water</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Relative acidity</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}>\mathrm{ROH}>\mathrm{NH}_3>\mathrm{RH}$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/17b94fb0-3d4c-4d0d-4966-89619489bd00/public"  width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Alcohols $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ Boiling point $\rightarrow$ Solubility $\rightarrow$ Classification of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Acidity / Basicity behaviour</span> $\rightarrow$ Preparation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Alkenes $\rightarrow$ Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Preparation of alcohols</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Basicity</strong> $\quad \mathrm{R}-\ddot{\mathrm{O}} \mathrm{H}+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 \rightleftharpoons \underbrace{\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{O^+H}_2}+\mathrm{HSO}_4^{-}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Relative</strong> $\mathrm{OH}^{-}<\mathrm{OR}^{-}<\mathrm{NH}_2^{-}<\mathrm{R}^{-}$</p>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Preparation of Alcohol</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>from alkenes $\longrightarrow$ electrophilic addition $\rightarrow$ Markovnikov , anti Markovnikov</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>from alkyl halides $\longrightarrow$ substitution reaction $\rightarrow$ ${S_{N^1}}and{S_{N^2}}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>from carboxyl compounds $\longrightarrow$ Nucleophilic addition $\rightarrow$ $LiAlH_4$ , $\mathrm{NaB} \mathrm{H}_4$ , Grignard Reagent</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-01-alcohols-l-1-11.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Alcohols $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ Boiling point $\rightarrow$ Solubility $\rightarrow$ Classification of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Acidity / Basicity behaviour $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Preparation of alcohols</span> $\rightarrow$ Alkenes $\rightarrow$ Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Alkenes</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$\mathrm{CH}_2=\mathrm{CH}_2+\mathrm{CO}+\mathrm{H}_2 \xrightarrow{\mathrm{CO}_2\left(\mathrm{CO}_8\right.} \underbrace{\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CHO}} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{H}_2 / \mathrm{Ni}^{\circ}}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}$</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>$\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad(1^0)$</p>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0d3f7e8d-c668-4663-cb8d-209100a4dc00/public" width="100%" >

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Alcohols $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ Boiling point $\rightarrow$ Solubility $\rightarrow$ Classification of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Acidity / Basicity behaviour $\rightarrow$ Preparation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Alkenes</span> $\rightarrow$ Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Alcohols Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>3.Oxymercuration–demercuration</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>alkene + mercuric acetate  $\xrightarrow[\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}]{\mathrm{THF-}}$ mercurinium salt $\xrightarrow {NaBH_4/NaOH}$ alcohol
$\underbrace {oxymercuration}$  $\qquad\qquad$ $\underbrace {demercuration}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Markovnikov’s</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>No rearrangement.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>No carbocation intermediate</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Anti-addition</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-11-chapter-01-alcohols-l-1-13.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Alcohols $\rightarrow$ Functional group transformation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties $\rightarrow$ Boiling point $\rightarrow$ Solubility $\rightarrow$ Classification of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Structure of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Acidity / Basicity behaviour $\rightarrow$ Preparation of alcohols $\rightarrow$ Alkenes $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Oxymercuration–demercuration reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Reaction $\rightarrow$ Mechanism $\rightarrow$ Hydroboration Oxidation $\rightarrow$ Oxidation </footer>