chemistry-class-12-unit-07-chapter-03-some-p-block-elements-l-7-8-pzksx4anwoe

#### <Success>Some important compounds of boron</Success>
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<h4 id="diborane-b_2h_6-reactions">Diborane, $B_2H_6$ reactions</h4>
<ul>
<li>$B_2H_6 + NaBH_4\xrightarrow [diglyme]{363K} Na [B_3H_8] + H_2$</li>
<li>$4 Na [B_3H_8] +4HCl_3\rarr 3B_4H_{10}+3H_2+ 4 NaCl$</li>
<li>$5[B_3H_8]^- + 5 HBr\xrightarrow {373K} 5[B_3H_7Br]^- + H_2$
$\rarr 3B_5H_9+4H_2+5Br^-$</li>
<li>$2 Na [B_3H_8] \xrightarrow [diglyme]{435K} Na_2 [B_6H_6]+5H_2$</li>
</ul>
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### <Success>Questions</Success>
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<p><strong>Question</strong> $BCl_3$ is a volatile liquid Suggest a way in which it can be more conveniently handled</p>
<p><strong>Question</strong> Adducts of $BCl_3$ will be less volatile than $BCl_3$ itself. Adducts of$ Me_2S , Me_2S.BCl_3$ is a crystalline solid , which is very easy to handle and it is less sensitive towards hydrolysis than$ BCl_3$</p>
<p><strong>Question</strong> Although F is more electronegative than Cl why $BCl_3$ is stronger lewis acid than $BF_3$</p>
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### <Success>Summary on group 13 elements</Success>
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<ul>
<li>Except for boron, other elements , Al to Tl have low electronegativity value and all are metals</li>
<li>The +3 oxidation dominates the chemistry of group 13 elements</li>
<li>Inert pair effect appears for the first time among p-block elements</li>
<li>The +1 oxidation state for thalium (Tl) is moderately stable</li>
<li>Boron forms a large number of neutral and ionic boron hydride clusters as a result of its electron deficiency</li>
<li>All boron trihalides are strong Lewis acids</li>
<li>$NaBH_3$ and $LiAlH_3$ find application as very useful reducing agents in inorganic and organic synthesis</li>
</ul>
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### <Success>Group 14 elements</Success>
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<ul>
<li>Lie in the centre of the main group elements</li>
<li>Carbon is the 17th most abundant element in the earth’s crust</li>
<li>In nature it is there in both free and in the combined state like coal , diamond , graphite , metal carbonates , hydrocarbons , and $ CO_2$ (0.03% in air) (0.03% in air)</li>
<li>Carbon is the most versatile among all elements in the periodic table</li>
</ul>
<p>$\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad [ns^2np^2]$</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>13</th>
<th>14</th>
<th>15</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Ga</td>
<td>C</td>
<td>N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>In</td>
<td>Si</td>
<td>P</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tl</td>
<td>Ge</td>
<td>As</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Sn</td>
<td>Sb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Pb</td>
<td>Bi</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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### <Success>Structure of graphite</Success>
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### <Success>Various allotropes of carbon</Success>
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<ol>
<li>Diamond</li>
<li>Graphite</li>
<li>Lonsdaleite</li>
<li>C60 Buckminsterfullerenes</li>
<li>C540 Fullerene</li>
<li>C70 Fullerene</li>
<li>Amorphous carbon</li>
<li>Single-walled carbon nanotube</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Lonsdaleite is a hexagonal allotrope of the carbon allotrope diamond, believed to form when meteoric graphite falls to earth</li>
</ul>

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