chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-06-surface-chemistry-l-6-6-p5enzgo3lug

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Purification of colloidal solutions</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Flocullation / aggregation of colloidal particles</strong></p>
<p>$\Delta$ G = 2$\sigma$A</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Purification of colloidal solutions</span> $\rightarrow$ Properties of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Critical coagulation concentrations $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ Surfactant </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Properties of colloidal solutions</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>AgI/$I^-$ colloidal partical KI or $AgNO_3$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>AgI $As^+$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\psi^oe^{-hz}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Double layer</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Similar to a capacitor</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Diffuse double layer</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Properties of colloidal solutions</span> $\rightarrow$ Critical coagulation concentrations $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ Surfactant </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Properties of colloidal solutions</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>$V^{attr} = \frac{-Aa}{12h}$</li>
</ul>
</div>
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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Properties of colloidal solutions</span> $\rightarrow$ Critical coagulation concentrations $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ Surfactant </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Properties of colloidal solutions</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>With ranging electrolyte</p>
<p>$[c]_{ii}$ > $[c]_i$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:30%;'>
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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Properties of colloidal solutions</span> $\rightarrow$ Critical coagulation concentrations $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ Surfactant </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Critical coagulation concentrations</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p>It is measured in $ \hspace{1 mm} mmol \hspace{1 mm} dm^{-3}$</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>AgI (-ve sol)</th>
<th></th>
<th>$Al_2O_3$ (+ve sol)</th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>$LiNO_3$</td>
<td>165</td>
<td>NaCl</td>
<td>43.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$NaNO_3$</td>
<td>140</td>
<td>KCl</td>
<td>46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$KNO_3$</td>
<td>1.36</td>
<td>$KNO_3$</td>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Ca(NO_3)_2$</td>
<td>2.40</td>
<td>$K_2SO_4$</td>
<td>0.30</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Properties of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Critical coagulation concentrations</span> $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ Surfactant </footer>

<Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success>

<primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Critical coagulation concentrations</B></primary>

<hr>

<main>

| AgI (-ve sol) |  | $Al_2O_3$ (+ve sol) |  |
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| $Mg(NO_3)_2$    | 2.60     | $K_2Cr_2O_7$ | 0.63    |
| $Pb(NO_3)_2$    | 2.43     | $K_2C_2O_4$ | 0.69    |
| $Al(NO_3)_3$    | 0.067     | $K_3Fe(CN)_6$ | 0.08    |
| $La(NO_3)_3$    | 0.069     |  |     |
| $Ce(NO_3)_3$    | 0.069     |  |     |

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</main>

<hr>

<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Properties of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Critical coagulation concentrations</span> $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ Surfactant </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Hardy - Schulze “rule”</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Physical properties of colloids</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Optical properties - Tyndall effect</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Diffusion properties - Brownian motion</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Coagulation behaviour</p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Surfactant</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Soaps and detergents</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Properties of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Critical coagulation concentrations $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Hardy - Schulze "rule"</span> $\rightarrow$ Surfactant </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Surfactant</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Chemical energy</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Mechanical energy</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Thermal energy</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>
<p>“Detergent”</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Hydrophobic</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Triglyceride $+\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow$ long chain fatty acid</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Properties of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Critical coagulation concentrations $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Surfactant</span> </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface chemistry Lecture-6</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Surfactant</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Concentration</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Critical micelle concentration (CMC)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>O/S</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>O/L</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>O/S</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>O/L</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Purification of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Properties of colloidal solutions $\rightarrow$ Critical coagulation concentrations $\rightarrow$ Hardy - Schulze "rule" $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Surfactant</span> </footer>