chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4-6-tqpumu1yxi8

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Pre-exponential factors</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pre - exponential factors are catalyst dependent</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>${\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4}+\mathrm{H}_2 \longrightarrow {\mathrm{C}_2}$  $\mathrm{H}_6$ $\quad$ $E_a=145 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{mol^-}$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Catalyst</th>
<th>$E_a/KJ mol^{-1}$</th>
<th>log k</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>W</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>-4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fe</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>-3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ir</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>-3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ni</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>-2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pt</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>-1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pd</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>-0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rh</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>0.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Pre-exponential factors</span> $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Pre - exponential factors</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$C_2H_4 + H_2 \rightarrow C_2H_6$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Bimolecular Collision</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$K = A e^{-Ea/RT}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$A \rightarrow frequency$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$E_a^{cat} < E_a^{uncat}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$A^{cat} < A^{uncat}$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-057-0267.6.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Pre-exponential factors</span> $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Pre - exponential factors</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Langmuir - hinshelwood mechanism</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$E_a^{cat} < E_a^{uncat}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$A^{cat} < A^{uncat}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$logk^{cat} = logA^{cat} - \frac{E_a ^{Cat}}{RT}$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Haber Bosch - $N_2 + 3H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/68fc092c-a75a-4929-da1e-501fcd586900/public" width ="50%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Pre-exponential factors</span> $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Haber Bosch process</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Some reaction of adsorption (Langmuir Hinshelwood) $\quad(ad - adsorption)$</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$N_2(S)+Fe$ $\rightarrow$ $(ad)N-Fe$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$H_2(g)+Fe$ $\rightarrow$ $(ad)H-Fe$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Fe-N(ad)+Fe-H(ad)$ $\rightarrow$ $Fe-NH(ad)$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Fe-NH(a)+Fe-H(ad)$ $\rightarrow$ $Fe-NH_2(ad)$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Fe-NH_2(ad)+Fe-H(ad)$ $\rightarrow$ $Fe-NH_3(ad)$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Fe-NH_3(ad)$ $\rightarrow$ $Fe(S)-NH_3(g)$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-143-0762.0.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Haber Bosch process</span> $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Haber Bosch process</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Gerhard Ertl - Noble prize</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$N_2(g) + Fe(S) \rightarrow  Fe-N(ad)$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Fe-N(ad) + H_2(g) \rightarrow Fe-NH_3(ad)$6</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Does not happen(Ely-Rideal)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-143-0762.0.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Haber Bosch process</span> $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Chemisorption</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Chemisorption in an important step</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$Fe-H(ad)$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$Fe-N(ad)$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$N_2(g)$ $\rightarrow$ $2N(a)$ $\Delta$ $H$ $~$ $1000KJ/mol$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$H_2(s)$ $\rightarrow$ $2H(a)$ $\Delta$ $H$ $~$ $250KJ/mol$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:40%;'>
<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3629c1f1-0836-4b44-ffe8-030c9457db00/public" width ="50%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Chemisorption</span> $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Selectivity</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Selectivity is an important property of catalysts</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Catalytic conversions of ethanol vapour at $600 \mathrm{~K}$</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>$S = \frac{\text {Number of moles of desired product} }{\text {Number of moles of reactants consumed}}\times100%$</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Catalyst</th>
<th>Principal products</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Cu</td>
<td>$CH_3CHO$, $H_2$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Al_2O_3$</td>
<td>$C_2H_4$, $H_2O$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$MgO-SiO_2(Na_2O)$</td>
<td>$\rightarrow$ butadiene, $H_2O$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZSM- 5 zeolite</td>
<td>Synthetic gasoline, $H_2O$</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Selectivity</span> $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Catalyst properties</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>Catalyst deactivation occurs for chemical , mechanical, or thermal reasons</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Mechanism</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Poisoning</td>
<td>Chemisorption of impurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fouling</td>
<td>Physical deposits on catalyst</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thermal degradation</td>
<td>Loss of catalyst surface area</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vapour formation</td>
<td>Catalyst volatizes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>G-S and S-S reaction</td>
<td>Reactions give inactive phase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Crushing</td>
<td>Loss of catalytic surface area</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-298.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Catalyst properties</span> $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Uses of catalyst</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Some Catalyst Process</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Chemisorption of impurities poisons catalyst</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Process</th>
<th>Catalyst</th>
<th>Poison</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Ammonia synthesis</td>
<td>Fe</td>
<td>CO,$CO_2$,$H_2O$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Steam reforming</td>
<td>Ni/$Al_2O_3$</td>
<td>$H_2S$,As,HCl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Methanol synthesis</td>
<td>Cu</td>
<td>$H_2S$,$AsH_3,PH_3$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cracking</td>
<td>zeolites</td>
<td>$NH_3$,Na</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-321-1556.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Uses of catalyst</span> $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Uses of catalyst</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Some Catalyst Process</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Chemisorption of impurities poisons catalyst</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Process</th>
<th>Catalyst</th>
<th>Poison</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>CO hydrogenation</td>
<td>Ni,Co, Fe</td>
<td>$H_2S$, COS,As</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Oxidation Automotive</td>
<td>$V_2O_5$</td>
<td>As</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Catalytic converters</td>
<td>Pt, Pd</td>
<td>Pb,P,Zn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$ CH_3OH$ $\rightarrow$ $HCHO$</td>
<td>Ag</td>
<td>Fe, Ni</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$CH_4$ to ethylene oxide</td>
<td>Ag</td>
<td>$C_2H_2$</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-321-1556.4.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Uses of catalyst</span> $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Zeolite Catalysis</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:80%;'>
<p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d992cf3e-f5a9-4c9d-d6d9-07f765072f00/public">
<img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/cc6fa256-a31b-4822-7484-3be60273c100/public"></p>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Zeolite Catalysis</span> $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Zeolite Catalysis</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;'>
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/9e3d265e-e0dd-4bf7-6515-b079d75b2600/public" style='width:25%'>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>


</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Zeolite Catalysis</span> $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Enzyme catalysis</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Polymers with amino acids as the monomers</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/9a43b580-cff5-4633-93e2-e8eaedb61900/public"></p>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Enzyme catalysis</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Enzyme catalysis</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Example:- Dipeptide</strong></p>
<p>Active site</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:60%;'>
<p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d446a261-22c1-4ba3-ecb3-1bf2c646c000/public"></p>

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Enzyme catalysis</span> $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Classification of enzymes</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>Enzymes are classified according to their action</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Class</th>
<th>Reaction</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Oxidoreductases</td>
<td>$AH_2+B$ $\rightarrow$ $A+BH_2$</td>
<td>Dehydrogenase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Transferases</td>
<td>AX+B $\rightarrow$ A+BX</td>
<td>Aminotransferases</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hydrolases</td>
<td>A-B+$H_2O$ $\rightarrow$ AH+BOH</td>
<td>Proteases</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lyases</td>
<td>A=B+X-Y $\rightarrow$ X-A-B-Y</td>
<td>Decarboxylases</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Isomerases</td>
<td>A=B</td>
<td>Glucose isomerase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ligases</td>
<td>A+B $\rightarrow$ A-B</td>
<td>Peptide synthetase</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-472.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Classification of enzymes</span> $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Enzymes</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>Example:- Necklace</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3cea0134-6c8d-41ae-25e6-7fef067bd200/public" width ="50%">
<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e50edfe8-699f-489e-5793-4c9a5aeac500/public" width ="50%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Enzymes</span> $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Enzymes catalysis</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>E+S $\rightarrow$ ES $\rightarrow$ EP $\rightarrow$ E+P</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a72c4cbd-8639-4a1c-874e-fcc01f067200/public" width ="40%">
<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/8231fd1a-0cc5-42cb-a672-784ff1980d00/public" width ="40%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Enzymes catalysis</span> $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>Turnover numbers measure enzyme catalyzed rates</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Enzyme</th>
<th>Turnover number /$s^{-1}$</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Carbonic anhydrase</td>
<td>600,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3-Ketosteroid isomerase</td>
<td>280,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Acetylcholinesterase</td>
<td>25,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Penicillinase</td>
<td>2,000</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-605.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate</span> $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li><strong>Turnover numbers measure enzyme catalyzed rates</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>$CO_2 + H_2O  \rightarrow  HCO_3 +  H$</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Enzyme</th>
<th>Turnover number /$s^{-1}$</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Lactate dehydrogenase</td>
<td>1,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chymotrypsin</td>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DNA polymerase I</td>
<td>15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tryptophan synthetase</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lysozyme</td>
<td>0.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-605.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate</span> $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<p><strong>Enzyme catalyzed reactions have advantages and disadvantaes</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Advantages</th>
<th>Disadvantages</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Very high enantioselectivity</td>
<td>Often low specific activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very high regioselectivity</td>
<td>Limited T and pH range</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mild conditions</td>
<td>Limited reactions only</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Water medium</td>
<td>long development times for new enzymes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:0%;'>
<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-05-chapter-04-surface-chemistry-l-4_6-tqpumu1yxi8-605(2).jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed</span> $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyzed reaction </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Surface Chemistry Lecture-4</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Enzyme catalyzed reaction</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Michaelis – Menten</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$E+S \iff ES$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$ES \iff EP$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$EP \rightarrow E+P$</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>
<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/077d4f86-05e9-4c0d-f353-53219afa0000/public" width ="50%">

</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Pre-exponential factors $\rightarrow$ Haber Bosch process $\rightarrow$ Chemisorption $\rightarrow$ Selectivity $\rightarrow$ Catalyst properties $\rightarrow$ Uses of catalyst $\rightarrow$ Zeolite Catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalysis $\rightarrow$ Classification of enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Enzymes catalysis $\rightarrow$ Enzyme catalyst reaction $\rightarrow$ Measure of the turnover number of enzyme catalyzed rate $\rightarrow$ Advantages and disadvantges of enzymes catalyzed $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Enzyme catalyzed reaction</span> </footer>