chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1-3-cxtf6kyye8

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Solutions Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Concept of solubility</B></primary></p>
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<ul>
<li>
<p>Solute + solvent $\xleftrightharpoons [{dissolution}]{precipitation}$ solution</p>
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<p>le chatelier’s pressure and temperature</p>
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<p>Saturated solution</p>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-01.jpg">
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<footer style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="color:blue">Concept of solubility</span> $\rightarrow$ Exothermic & Endothermic reaction $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of solution of solid in liquid $\rightarrow$ Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution $\rightarrow$ Azeotropes </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Solutions Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Exothermic & Endothermic reaction</B></primary></p>
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<ul>
<li>
<p>According to le chatelier’s principle</p>
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<p>$\Delta H<0$ $\rightarrow$  exothermic reaction move backward</p>
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<p>$\Delta H>0$ endothermic reactionmove forward</p>
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<p>$A_g$ ${\rightarrow}$ $A_l$ condensation</p>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-04.jpg">
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<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Concept of solubility $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Exothermic & Endothermic reaction</span> $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of solution of solid in liquid $\rightarrow$ Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution $\rightarrow$ Azeotropes </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Solutions Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:21px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Raoult’s law:</strong></p>
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<li>
<p>$P_A \propto x_A$</p>
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<p>$P_B \propto x_B$</p>
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<p>$P_A$ = $P_A^0$ $x_A$ , $P_B$ = $P_B^0$ $x_B$</p>
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<li>
<p>$P_T$ =$P_A$ + $P_B$</p>
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<p>$\ x_A=1, \quad P_A=P_A^o $</p>
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<p>$\ x_B= 1, \quad P_B=P_B^o $</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><img alt="alt text" src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0fb8d5d2-8604-4ce6-a956-b85bc680e400/public"></p>
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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Concept of solubility $\rightarrow$ Exothermic & Endothermic reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution</span> $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of solution of solid in liquid $\rightarrow$ Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution $\rightarrow$ Azeotropes </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Solutions Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Example</B></primary></p>
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<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$PV=nRT$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$P_AV=n_ART$</p>
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<p>$X_A=\frac {n_A} {n_A + n_B} = \frac {P_A} {P_A + P_B}$</p>
</li>
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<p>$0.179= \frac {62.4} {347.9} = 0.179$</p>
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<p>$X_B = 0.821$</p>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-010.jpg">
<img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-011.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Concept of solubility $\rightarrow$ Exothermic & Endothermic reaction $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Example</span> $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of solution of solid in liquid $\rightarrow$ Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution $\rightarrow$ Azeotropes </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Solutions Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Example</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$X_A=\frac {100} {250}=0.4$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$X_B= 1-0.4=0.6$</p>
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<p>$P_A= 450\times 0.4=180$</p>
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<p>$P_B= 700\times 0.6=420$</p>
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<p>$X^V_A=\frac {P_A} {P_T}$</p>
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<p>$=\frac {180} {600}=0.3$</p>
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<p>$X^V_B=\frac {420} {600}=0.7$</p>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-012.jpg">
<img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-013.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Concept of solubility $\rightarrow$ Exothermic & Endothermic reaction $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Example</span> $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of solution of solid in liquid $\rightarrow$ Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution $\rightarrow$ Azeotropes </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Solutions Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>$\Delta_{mix} V=0$</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>$\Delta_{mix} H=0$</p>
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</ul>
<p>1 L of Solvent A + 2 L of Solvent B $\rightarrow$ 3 L of Solution</p>
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<li>
<p><strong>Negative deviation</strong> A-A & B-B interaction is stronger than A-B interaction</p>
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<p><strong>Positive deviation</strong> A-A & B-B interaction is weaker than A-B interaction</p>
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</ul>
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</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Concept of solubility $\rightarrow$ Exothermic & Endothermic reaction $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of solution of solid in liquid $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution</span> $\rightarrow$ Azeotropes </footer>

<p><Success style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:28px;"> <B>Solutions Lecture-1</B></Success></p>
<p><primary style="float:center;text-align:center;font-size:24px;"> <B>Azeotropes</B></primary></p>
<hr>
<main>
<div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:22px;text-align:left'>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Richer in more volatile component</p>
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<p>Same concentration of liquid phase & vapour phase</p>
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<p>Weaker interaction</p>
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<p>Positive deviation</p>
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<p>Minimum boiling</p>
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<p>Negative deviation</p>
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<p>Maximum  boiling $68$%$HNO_3+H_2O$</p>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-016.jpg">
<img alt="image" src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-12-unit-02-chapter-01-solutions-l-1_3-_cxtf6kyye8-017.jpg"></p>
</div>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style="font-size:18px;"> Concept of solubility $\rightarrow$ Exothermic & Endothermic reaction $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of Liquid- Liquid solution $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ Vapour pressure of solution of solid in liquid $\rightarrow$ Ideal Solution & Non-Ideal Solution $\rightarrow$ <span style="color:blue">Azeotropes</span> </footer>