chemistry-class-11-unit-13-chapter-06-hydrocarbons-l-6-8-fhoplvo4lge

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Hydrocarbons L-6 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Structure of benzene </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- Planar
- Equal bond length = 1.39 $A^o$
- C-C = 1.54 $A^o$ C=C = 1.34$A6o$
- $C\equiv C < C_6H_6$ C-C

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/808898e6-8192-415b-7cc9-4137b4f44b00/public" width="80%">
</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Hydrocarbons $\rightarrow$ Aromatic hydrocarbon $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Structure of benzene </span> $\rightarrow$ Resonance and stability $\rightarrow$ Aromaticity </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Hydrocarbons L-6 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Resonance and stability </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- All the six carbon atoms in benzene are $sp^2$ hybridized
- Two $sp^2$ hybrid orbitals of eachcarbon atom overlap with $sp^2$ hybrid orbitals of adjacent carbon atoms to form six C—C $\sigma$ bonds
- Remaining $sp^2$ hybrid orbital of each carbon atom overlaps with s orbital of a hydrogen atom to form six C—H $\sigma$ bonds

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/49dfd320-311e-4aa6-8bb6-b1e7932dfe00/public" width="80%">
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/abf3713c-0da3-4d18-18eb-bef3901cb300/public" width="80%">
</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Aromatic hydrocarbon $\rightarrow$ Structure of benzene $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Resonance and stability </span> $\rightarrow$ Aromaticity $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature and isomerism </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Hydrocarbons L-6 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Aromaticity </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- Planer and cyclic
- Delocalized $\pi $ electron
- ($4\pi+2)\pi e$  [n=0,1,2,3]
- Some example of aromatic compounds are -

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/59770baf-d67b-4dea-0780-c0d809e6f100/public" width="80%">

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/2799354f-6aa6-4a03-885d-9b5cd4b52900/public" width="80%">
</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Structure of benzene $\rightarrow$ Resonance and stability $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Aromaticity </span> $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature and isomerism $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature and isomerism </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Hydrocarbons L-6 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Nomenclature and isomerism </primary>
<hr>
<main>

- For IUPAC nomenclature of substituted benzene compounds, the substituent is placed as prefix to the word benzene
- If benzene ring is disubstituted, the position of substituents is defined by numbering the carbon atoms of the ring such that the substituents are located at the lowest numbers possible
- In the trivial system of nomenclature the terms ortho (o), meta (m) and para (p) are used as prefixes to indicate the relative positions 1,2,1,3 and 1,4 respectively

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/79563c3b-abe4-405e-6176-6e6db7e96a00/public" width="80%">
</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Resonance and stability $\rightarrow$ Aromaticity $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Nomenclature and isomerism </span> $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature and isomerism $\rightarrow$ Isomerism of substituted benzene </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Hydrocarbons L-6 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Nomenclature and isomerism </primary>
<hr>
<main>

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/dd971e8d-bd7b-47f1-14d6-046de2286000/public" width="80%">

</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Aromaticity $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature and isomerism $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Nomenclature and isomerism </span> $\rightarrow$ Isomerism of substituted benzene $\rightarrow$ Preparation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Hydrocarbons L-6 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Isomerism of substituted benzene </primary>
<hr>
<main>

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3374d40f-b4d3-4b99-1c51-e518919aa800/public" width="50%">
<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/0e52ebfe-fff9-4206-7105-e0459eff0a00/public" width="50%">
</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Nomenclature and isomerism $\rightarrow$ Nomenclature and isomerism $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Isomerism of substituted benzene </span> $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ Preparation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Hydrocarbons L-6 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Preparation </primary>
<hr>
<main>

</div>

<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/774e0ff8-b331-47a8-4990-019251d27500/public" width="80%">
</div>

</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Nomenclature and isomerism $\rightarrow$ Isomerism of substituted benzene $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Preparation </span> $\rightarrow$ Preparation $\rightarrow$ Physical properties </footer>