chemistry-class-11-unit-12-chapter-04-organic-chemistry-basic-principles-and-techniques-l-04-7-znyplgxmpyq

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Electronic effects </primary>
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- 1. Inductive effect- permanant effect
- 2. Electromeric effect-temporary effect
- 3. Resonance effect- R effect 
 - It is also permanant effect
 - Electron donating group$\quad$  +R
 - Electron withdrawing group -R
 - Delocalization of $\pi$ electrons without changing relative positions of atom is known as resonance
 - Octect rule cannot be violated 
 - Example

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Basic principles and techniques $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Electronic effects </span> $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Resonance effect </primary>
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- Resonance in methyl vinyl ether$\quad$ +R
- Resonance in methyl vinyl ketone $ -R$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Electronic effects $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Resonance effect </span> $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Resonance effect </primary>
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- (i) Lonepairs and  $\pi $  electrons can be delocalized

- (ii) Double headed arrow is used $\leftrightarrow$

- (iii) No change in relative position of atoms

- (iv) The canonical structures are non existant The hybrid Structure is representative

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Resonance effect </span> $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Resonance effect </primary>
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- Example

- Aniline - it has $+R$ effect and $-I$ effect
 - For the delocalisation of electrons orbitals must be in the same plane
 - Aniline has high electron density in ortho and para position

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### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Resonance effect </primary>
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- Resonance in nitrobenzene
 - Electron withdrawing group is present, therefore it has $-R$ effect and $-I$ effect

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Resonance effect </span> $\rightarrow$ Hyperconjugative effect $\rightarrow$ Hyperconjugative effect </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Hyperconjugative effect </primary>
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- $\sigma$ bond electron delocalised on to $\pi$ orbital
- It explains the thermodynamically stability of the molecule
- It explains the stabilty of carbonium ion

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ Resonance effect $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Hyperconjugative effect </span> $\rightarrow$ Hyperconjugative effect $\rightarrow$ Types of bond fission </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
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- The mode by which the bond is broken is known as bond fission

- Bond fission is of two types- 
 - Homolytic fission
 - Hetrolytic fission

- Homolytic fission- radicals are formed

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Hyperconjugative effect $\rightarrow$ Hyperconjugative effect $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Types of bond fission </span> $\rightarrow$ Types of bond fission $\rightarrow$ Types of bond fission </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Types of bond fission </primary>
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- Intermediates can be-
 - Free radical 
 - Carbocation
 - Carbanion
 - Carbenes

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Types of bond fission $\rightarrow$ Types of bond fission $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Types of bond fission </span> $\rightarrow$ Types of bond fission $\rightarrow$ Types of bond fission </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Types of bond fission </primary>
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- Reaction mechanism- carbocation

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### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Organic Chemistry Basic Principles And Techniques L-04 </Success>
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- Formation of carbene
 - Divalent sextet carbon
 - $:CH_2$- highly reactive

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