chemistry-class-11-unit-11-chapter-03-some-p-block-elements-l-3-4-s76dqubaq7q

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Group 13 elements </primary>
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- Boron is typically a nonmetallic element with little metallic characteristics
- All others are metals
- Higher I, II and III ionization enthalpies for boron compared to other members

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Some p-block elements $\rightarrow$ Chemistry of P-block elements $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Group 13 elements </span> $\rightarrow$ Group 13 elements $\rightarrow$ Reaction of group 13 elements </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Group 13 elements </primary>
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- Many similarities and differences in the chemistry of B with other group members
- Al has many similarities with Be (diagonal relationship)
- For the Group 13 elements, +3 is the stable oxidation state
- Stabilization of lower oxidation state $(+1)$ for the heaviest elements in the group, Tl for which +3 state is oxidizing (the inert pair effect, more pronounced among heavier elements of Groups 14,15,16

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Chemistry of P-block elements $\rightarrow$ Group 13 elements $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Group 13 elements </span> $\rightarrow$ Reaction of group 13 elements $\rightarrow$ Elemental boron </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Elemental boron </primary>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Group 13 elements $\rightarrow$ Reaction of group 13 elements $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Elemental boron </span> $\rightarrow$ Bauxite $\rightarrow$ Reactions </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reactions </primary>
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- $2Na_3[Al(OH)_6]+3CO_2 \rightarrow 2Al(OH)_3+3Na_2CO_3+3H_2O$

- $2Al(OH)_3 \xrightarrow {\Delta} Al_2O_3+3H_2O$

- $Al_2O_3 \rightleftharpoons Al^{3+}+AlO_3^{3-}$

- On Anode: $Al^{3+}+3e^- \rightarrow Al$

- on cathode: $4AlO_3^{3-} \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3+3O_2$

- $2Al_2O_3 \xrightarrow {electrolysis } 4Al+3O_2 \uparrow$
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Elemental boron $\rightarrow$ Bauxite $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reactions </span> $\rightarrow$ Reactivity of B and Al $\rightarrow$ Borides </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reactivity of B and Al </primary>
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-  Reactivity of B and Al
- $\begin{aligned}
& 2 \mathrm{Al}+2 \mathrm{NaOH}+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaAl(OH)}_4+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \\
& 2 \mathrm{In}+6 \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{InCl}_3+3 \mathrm{H}_2 \\
& 2 Tl +2 \mathrm{HNO}_3 \rightarrow 2 Tl \mathrm{NO}_3+\mathrm{H}_2\end{aligned}$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Bauxite $\rightarrow$ Reactions $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reactivity of B and Al </span> $\rightarrow$ Borides $\rightarrow$ Structres of metal borides </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reactions </primary>
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- $\mathrm{B} _2\mathrm{Cl} _4 \rightarrow \mathrm{B} _8\mathrm{Cl} _8, \mathrm{B} _9\mathrm{Cl} _9, \mathrm{B} _{10}\mathrm{Cl} _{10}, \mathrm{B} _{11}\mathrm{Cl} _{11} \text { and } \mathrm{B} _{12} \mathrm{C} _{12}$
- $G a\quad \mathrm{Ga}_2 X_6^{2-} \quad(X=Cl, Br \hspace{1mm} or \hspace{1mm} I)$
- $\operatorname{GaX}_4^{-}$
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Acid-base complex formation $\rightarrow$ Reactions $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reactions </span> $\rightarrow$ Reactions $\rightarrow$ Boron hydrides </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Boron hydrides </primary>
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- Boron $sp^3$ orbitals and Hydrogen 1s orbitals

| Some boron hydrides |  | 
| -------- | -------- | 
| $B_nH_{n+4}, B_nH_{n+6}$    |      |
| $B_2H_6$    | $B_4H_{10}$     |
| $B_5H_9$    | $B_5H_{11}$     | 
| $B_6H_{10}$    | $B_6H_{12}$     | 
| $B_8H_{12}$    | $B_8H_{14}$     | 
| $B_{10}H_{14}$    |      |

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Reactions $\rightarrow$ Reactions $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Boron hydrides </span> $\rightarrow$ Boron hydrides $\rightarrow$ Thank you </footer>