chemistry-class-11-unit-11-chapter-02-some-p-block-elements-l-2-4-927acebjbgc

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Boron hydrides </primary>
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* $B_2H_6+NaBH_4$ ${\xrightarrow [{diglyme}]{363 K}}$ $Na[B_3H_8]+ H_2$

* $4Na[B_3H_4]+4HCL$ $\rightarrow$ $3B_4H_{10}+3H_2+4NaCl$

* $5[B_3H_8]^-+5HBr$ ${\xrightarrow [{}]{373 K}}$ $5[B_6H_7Br^-]^-+H_2$ $\rightarrow$ $3Br_9+4H_2+5Br$

* $2Na[B_3H_5]$ ${\xrightarrow [{dislyme}]{435 K}}$ $Na_2[B_6H_6]+5H_2$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Some p-block elements $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Boron hydrides </span> $\rightarrow$ Structure $\rightarrow$ Structures of boron hydrides </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Structures of boron hydrides </primary>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Structures of boron hydrides $\rightarrow$ Group 14 elements $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Structures of boron hydrides </span> $\rightarrow$ Reactions of boron hydrides $\rightarrow$ Reactions of boron hydrides </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reactions of boron hydrides </primary>
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- $2 \mathrm{BF} _3+6 \mathrm{NaH} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} _2 \mathrm{H} _6+6 \mathrm{NaF}$
- $\mathrm{B} _2 \mathrm{H} _6+3 \mathrm{O} _2 \rightarrow \mathrm{B} _2 \mathrm{O} _3+3 \mathrm{H} _2 \mathrm{O} \Delta \mathrm{H} _c=-1976   \mathrm{KJ} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$
- $\mathrm{B}_2\mathrm{H}_6 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{B}(\mathrm{OH})_3 + 6\mathrm{H}_2$
- $\mathrm{~B} _2 \mathrm{H} _6+2 \mathrm{NMe} _3 \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{BH} _3 \cdot \mathrm{NMe} _3   \stackrel{2 \mathrm{CO}}{\rightarrow} 2 \mathrm{BH} _3 \mathrm{CO}$
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Group 14 elements $\rightarrow$ Structures of boron hydrides $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reactions of boron hydrides </span> $\rightarrow$ Reactions of boron hydrides $\rightarrow$ Group 14 elements </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reactions </primary>
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- $4LiH+AlCl_3 \rightarrow Li[AlH_4]+3LiCl$

- $3Li[AlH_4]+AlCl_3 \rightarrow 4AlH_3.OEt_2+3LiCl$

- $Li+Al+2H_2 \rightarrow Li[AlH_4]$

- $LiAlH_4+SiCl_4 \rightarrow SiH_4+LiCl+AlCl_3$

- $LiAlH_4+2(CH_3)_2SnCl_2 \rightarrow 2(CH_3)_2SnH_2+LiCl+AlCl_3$

- $LiAlH_4+Me_2Zn \rightarrow Li[AlMe_2H_2]+ZnH_2$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Group 14 elements $\rightarrow$ Reactions of group 14 elements $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reactions </span> $\rightarrow$ Reduction by $LiAlH_4$ $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reduction by $LiAlH_4$ </primary>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Reactions of group 14 elements $\rightarrow$ Reactions $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reduction by $LiAlH_4$ </span> $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Ask yourself a question </primary>
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- **Question 1** $\mathrm{BCl}_3$ is a volatile liquid Suggest a way in which it can be more conveniently handled

- **Question 2** Adducts of $\mathrm{BCl}_3$ will be less volatile than $\mathrm{BCl}_3$ itself Adduct of $\mathrm{Me}_2 \mathrm{S}, \mathrm{Me}_2 \mathrm{S}  \mathrm{BCl}_3$ is a crystalline solid, which is very easy to handle and it is less sensitive towards hydrolysis than $\mathrm{BCl}_3$

- **Question 3** Although $\mathrm{F}$ is more electronegative than $\mathrm{Cl}$ (why $\mathrm{BCl}_3$ is stronger Lewis acid than $\mathrm{BF}_3$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Reactions $\rightarrow$ Reduction by $LiAlH_4$ $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Ask yourself a question </span> $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Ask yourself a question </primary>
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- **Question 4** Predict the outcome of the following reactions

- (i) $\mathrm{BF}_3 \cdot \mathrm{NM}_3+\mathrm{BCl}_3 \rightarrow \mathrm{BCl}_3 \cdot \mathrm{NH}_3+\mathrm{BF}_3$

- (ii) $\mathrm{BCl}_3 \cdot \mathrm{NMe}_3+\mathrm{BF}_3 \rightarrow$

- (iii) $\mathrm{BH}_3 \cdot \mathrm{SMe}_2+\mathrm{NMe}_3 \rightarrow$

- (iv) $\mathrm{BH}_3 \cdot \mathrm{NMe}_3+\mathrm{SMe}_2 \rightarrow$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Ask yourself a question </span> $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Ask yourself a question </primary>
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- $\text { B. } 84.2 / 10811=7.788$
- $\text { H } 15.71 / 1.0079=15.58$
- $H / B \quad 15.58 / 7.768=2$
- $\text {Solution}$
- $\text { B } \frac{84.2}{100} \times 76.7=5.97 \sim 6 \quad B_6 H_{12}$
- $\text { H } \frac{15.71}{100} \times 76.7=11.95 \sim 12$

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### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Ask yourself a question </primary>
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- **Question 6** Borazine reacts with three equivalents of $\mathrm{HCl}$ to give a material of composition $\mathrm{B}_3 \mathrm{~N}_3 \mathrm{H}_9 \mathrm{Cl}_3$

- (i) Write the structure of the compound

- (ii) How does benzene (isoelectronic with borazine) reacts with $\mathrm{HCl}$ ?

-    B-N bonds are polarized $\mathrm{B}^{\delta -}\mathrm{N}^{\delta -}$

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### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Summary on group 13 elements </primary>
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- Except for boron, other elements, Al to TI have low electronegativity value and all are metals

- The +3 oxidation dominates the chemistry of Group 13 elements

- Inert pair effect appears for the first time among $p$-block elements The +1 oxidation state for thalium (TI) is moderately stable

- Boron forms a large number of neutral and ionic boron hydride clusters as a result of its electron deficiency

- All boron trihalides are strong Lewis acids

- $\mathrm{NaBH}_4$ and $\mathrm{LiAlH}_4$ find application as very useful reducing agents in inorganic and organic synthesis

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Summary on group 13 elements </span> $\rightarrow$ Group 14 elements $\rightarrow$ Special features </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Group 14 elements </primary>
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- Lie in the centre of the main group elements

- Carbon is the $17^{\text {th }}$ most abundant element in the earth's crust

- In nature it is there in both free and in the combined state Coal, diamond \& graphite Metal carbonates, hydrocarbons, $\mathrm{CO}_2(0.03 \%$ in air)

- Carbon is the most versatile among all flements in the periodic table

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Ask yourself a question $\rightarrow$ Summary on group 13 elements $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Group 14 elements </span> $\rightarrow$ Special features $\rightarrow$ Special features </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Special features </primary>
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- Ge shows some stable +2 compounds, $\mathrm{Gel}_2$, although the +4 state is predominant

- Tin (Sn) shows both +2 and $+4 ,+2$ is reducing agent,
- whereas $\mathrm{Pb}^{4+}$ is oxidizing and $\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}$ is stable $\mathrm{PbO}_2$ is a powerful oxidizing agent

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Group 14 elements $\rightarrow$ Special features $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Special features </span> $\rightarrow$ Structure of graphite $\rightarrow$ Structure of diamond </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Various allotropes of carbon </primary>
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- e. C540 fullerne

- f. C70 fullerne

- g. Amorphous carbon

- h. Single walled carbon nanotube

* Lonsdaleite is a hexagonal allotrope of the carbon allotrope diamond, believed to form when meteoric graphite falls to earth

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Structure of diamond $\rightarrow$ Various allotropes of carbon $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Various allotropes of carbon </span> $\rightarrow$ Structure $\rightarrow$ Group 4 elements </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Some P Block Elements L-2 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Group 4 elements </primary>
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- Silicon is the most abundant element (after oxygen) in the earth's crust

- Occurs as silica $\left(\mathrm{SiO}_2\right)$ and silicate minerals

- Germanium is least common and occurs in some zinc and silver ores and also in flue dust and the ashes of certain types of coal

- Si and Ge adopt diamond-like structures

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Various allotropes of carbon $\rightarrow$ Structure $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Group 4 elements </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank you $\rightarrow$  </footer>