Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Chemical bonding and molecular structure
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Structure
- NH3
- sp3 hybrid orbital
- CH4
- Electronic configuration of nitrogen - 1s22s22p3
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Structure
- H2O
- 1s22s22p3
- It is in bent shape
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Structure
- Ethane
- H3C−CH3
- C is sp3 hybridization sp3
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Orbital of overlapping
- s + s → s-s overlapping
- s + p → s-p overlapping
- p + p → p-p overlapping
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Orbital of overlapping
- A-B molecules
- If the axis for A - B molecule is considered to be z axis , then the atom A shold use pz orbital to form a sigma (σ) bond
- The bond between A and B is considered on z axis
- π bond are formed by px or py orbital
- π bond are formed by parallal overlapping
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Structure
- Ethene
- H2C=CH2
- sp2
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Ethyne or acetylene
- Ethyne or acetylene
- HC ≡ CH
- 2π bond
- 2σ bond
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Structure
| Hybridisation | Shape | Example |
|---|---|---|
| sp3d | trigonal bipyramidal | PF5, PCl5 |
| sp3d2 | square pyramidal | BrF5 |
| sp3d2 | octahedral | SF6 |
| d2sp3 | octahedral | [Co(NH3)6]3+ |
| dsp2 | square planar | [Ni(CN)4]2− |
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Structure
- PCl5
- pyand pz forming axial bonds (longer)
- pxpy for equatorial bonds (shorter)
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Structure
- SF6
- sp3d2hybridized orbital
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Orbital and their geometry
| Orbital | geometry | angle |
|---|---|---|
| sp | linear (2σ bonds) | 180o |
| sp2 | trigonal planar(3σ bonds) bent (2σ bonds) |
120o |
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Orbital and their geometry
| Orbital | geometry | angle |
|---|---|---|
| sp3 | tetrahetral (4σ bonds), trigonal pyramidal 3σ bonds), bent(2σ bonds) | 109.5 |
| sp3d | trigonalbipyramidal (5σ bonds), seesaw (4σ bonds), t-shaped (3σ bonds) linear 2σ bonds | 90o 120o and 180o |
Chemical Bonding Molecular Structure L-5
Thank you
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