chemistry-class-11-unit-02-chapter-04-structure-of-the-atom-l-4-8-jpfwxxbr3jm

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Bohr's model(postulates of bohr) </primary>
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- Electron moves around nucleus in fixed paths (orbits) constant energy (stationary state)
- Electron moves from one orbit to another by absorbing or emitting energy
- Value of energy
 - $2\rightarrow 1$ 
 - $\quad E_2-E_1=\Delta E$
 - $\Delta E=h \nu$
 - $\nu=\frac{E_2-E_1}{h} \$
 - $\lambda=\frac{c}{\nu}=\frac{h c}{E_2-E_1} $
 - $\bar{\nu}=\frac{E_2-E_1}{h c} $

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Structure of the atom $\rightarrow$  $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bohr's model(postulates of bohr) </span> $\rightarrow$ Bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Bohr's model </primary>
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- Only those orbits are allowed , where angular momentum is constant
 - $\{m v r}=\underbrace{n \frac{h}{2 \pi}}_{n=1,2,3, \cdots} \$
 - $\{m v r}=\frac{h}{2 \pi}, \frac{2 h}{2 \pi}, \frac{3 h}{2 \pi} \ldots$
 - $ P = m v $
 - $ L = m v r $

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Bohr's model(postulates of bohr) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bohr's model </span> $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Results from bohr's model </primary>
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- The orbits are numbered n = 1,2,3...
- Radius of orbit $ r_n = 0.529 \frac {n^2}{Z} A^{o}$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Bohr's model(postulates of bohr) $\rightarrow$ Bohr's model $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Results from bohr's model </span> $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Results from bohr's model </primary>
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- Speed of electron in orbit n
 - <p >$ v_n=2.18 \times 10^6 \frac{Z}{n} \mathrm{ms}^{-1}$
 - $v_1=2.18 \times 10^6 \mathrm{ms}^{-1}$
 - $ v_2=1.09 \times 10^6 \mathrm{ms}^{-1}$
 - $v_3=0.72 \times 10^6 \mathrm{ms}^{-1}$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Results from bohr's model </span> $\rightarrow$ Results from Bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Results from Bohr's model </primary>
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- Energy  of orbit n 
- $E_n=\underbrace{-2.18\times10^{-18}}\left(\frac{Z^2}{n^2}\right)\mathrm{J}$
- $E_n$ $\quad$ $=\underbrace{-13.6}\left(\frac{Z^2}{n^2}\right) \mathrm{ev}$
 - $ R_H=109677 \mathrm{cm}^{-1} $

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Results from Bohr's model </span> $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Results from bohr's model </primary>
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- $E_n=-R_H\left(\frac{Z^2}{n^2}\right)$
- $n_2 \rightarrow n_1 \quad\left(n_2>n_1\right)$
- $E_{n_2}=-R_H\left(\frac{Z^2}{n_2^2}\right)$
- $E_{n_1}=-R_H\left(\frac{Z^2}{n_1^2}\right)$
- $\Delta E =-R_H Z^2\left(\frac{1}{n_2^2}-\frac{1}{n_1^2}\right)$
- $\Delta E=R_H Z^2\left(\frac{1}{n_1^2}-\frac{1}{n_2^2}\right)$
 - $n_2>n_1$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Results from Bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Results from bohr's model </span> $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Limitations of bohr's model </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Results from bohr's model </primary>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Results from bohr's model </span> $\rightarrow$ Limitations of bohr's model $\rightarrow$ De Broglie's hypothesis (1924) </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Limitations of bohr's model </primary>
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- Applicable only for single electronic species $H$ , $He^+$ , $Li^{2+}$.....
- Splitting of spectral line in $\underbrace {magnetic field}$ or $\underbrace {electric field}$
- $\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad $ Zeeman effect $\quad\quad\quad \quad$  Stark effect
 
- Could not describe chemical bond

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Limitations of bohr's model </span> $\rightarrow$ De Broglie's hypothesis (1924) $\rightarrow$ Thank you </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-4 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> De Broglie's hypothesis (1924) </primary>
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- Matter has a wave nature
 - $\lambda = \frac{h}{p} = \frac{h}{m v}$
- For electron 1st  Bohr's orbit 
 - m = 9.1 $\times 10^{-31}$ kg , v = 2.18 $\times 10^6$ $ms^{-1}$
 - $\lambda = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{J} . \mathrm{s}}{9.1 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{kg} \times 2.18 \times 10^6 \mathrm{ms}^{-1}}\ {=}\underbrace{0.33} \mathrm{nm}$
 - Object - 100g = v = 100km/h
 - $\lambda = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{J.s}}{0.1 \mathrm{kg} \times 27.5 \mathrm{ms}^{-1}}$</p>
 - $ = 0.24 \times 10^{-33} \mathrm{nm}$

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Results from bohr's model $\rightarrow$ Limitations of bohr's model $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> De Broglie's hypothesis (1924) </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank you $\rightarrow$  </footer>