chemistry-class-11-unit-02-chapter-03-structure-of-the-atom-l-3-8-m10c4kuz8gs

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Particle nature of light </primary>
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- **Black body radiation** 
   - Ideal body which absorbs radiations of all $\lambda$ and emits radiations of all $\lambda$
- **Max planck**
   - Molecules absorb/emit radiations as packets of energy
- Packets = quantum 
- $E=h \nu$   
- $\nu$ = Frequency of radiation 
- h = Planck's constant = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mn>6.626</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>34</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math>Js

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![alt text](https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/a8379986-76df-4736-258a-826f5bf3c000/public)
		
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Structure of the atom $\rightarrow$  $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Particle nature of light </span> $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ Photoelectric effect </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Example </primary>
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- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5000</mn> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mi>o</mi> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </math>
- E = ?
- $E=h \nu$ <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"></mi> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mfrac> <mi>c</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </math>
- =$\frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} Js \times 3 \times 10^8 ms^{-1}}{5 \times 10^{-7} m}$	
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3.97</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>J</mi> </mstyle> </math>
- 1ev = 1.6 $\times$ $10^{-19}J$
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>3.97</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>e</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </math>
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.48</mn> <mi>e</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </math>

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Particle nature of light $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Example </span> $\rightarrow$ Photoelectric effect $\rightarrow$ Einstein </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Photoelectric effect </primary>
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- Instant ejection of electrons 
- Frequency
   - $\nu > \nu_0$ (threshold frequarncy)
   - Kinetic energy of $e^{-}$ of increases with frequency
- Intensity
   - Photoelectron increases with intensity kinetic energy is unchanged

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Particle nature of light $\rightarrow$ Example $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Photoelectric effect </span> $\rightarrow$ Einstein $\rightarrow$  </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Atomic spectra </primary>
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- Absorption spectra
- Emission spectra

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Electromagnetic spectrum $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Atomic spectra </span> $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) </primary>
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Line spectrum of hydrogen $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) </span> $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) </primary>
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- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>υ</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math>, n = 3,4,5.....
- n=3
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>υ</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math>
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"><mover> <mi>υ</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>15232</mn> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>≡</mo>  <mn>656.5</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </math>
- n=4
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>υ</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mn>20564</mn> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>≡</mo> <mn>486.3</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </math>
- n>> , $\bar v$=$\frac{109677}{4} cm^{-1}$ = $27419cm^{-1}$ ≡ 364.7 nm
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Line spectrum of hydrogen $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) </span> $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen $\rightarrow$ Thank you </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Line spectrum of hydrogen </primary>
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<main>

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- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> n = 2,3,4... Lyman
	
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> n = 3,4,5... Balmer
	
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> n = 4,5,6... Paschen
	
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>4</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> n = 5,6,7... Bracket
	
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>5</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> n = 6,7,8... Pfund
	
- Rydberg - <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mover> <mi>v</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>109677</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math>

- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mstyle> </math> = 1,2,3,

- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>></mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mstyle> </math>

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) $\rightarrow$ Line spectrum of hydrogen - balmer (1885) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Line spectrum of hydrogen </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank you $\rightarrow$  </footer>