chemistry-class-11-unit-02-chapter-01-structure-of-the-atom-l-1-8-wj0phw-8yoi

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Dalton's atomic theory (1808) </primary>
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- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mi>A</mi> <mi>B</mi> <mi>C</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mi>C</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mstyle> </math>
- Tiny, indivisible particles - atom
- Elements - atoms have identical properties
- Compounds - atoms with different ratio
- Chemical reactions - atoms are exchanged
- Different atoms have different properties ?
- Why do molecules have certain composition ?
- Atoms absorb/emit electromagnetic radiations

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<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b77f0a3e-9f13-43b5-a110-88aa39b2ec00/public" width="350">

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Structure of the atom $\rightarrow$ Origin of atom word $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Dalton's atomic theory (1808) </span> $\rightarrow$ Cathode ray discharge tube (1850's) $\rightarrow$ Discovery of electron, 1897 </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Cathode ray discharge tube (1850's) </primary>
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- Cathode rays
- Low pressure
- High voltage
- Travel In straightline
- Cathode $\rightarrow$ anode
- Kinetic energy

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Origin of atom word $\rightarrow$ Dalton's atomic theory (1808) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Cathode ray discharge tube (1850's) </span> $\rightarrow$ Discovery of electron, 1897 $\rightarrow$ Charge of electron (Millikan's oil drop experiment 1906-14 ) </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Discovery of electron, 1897 </primary>
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- Like charges repel and opposite charges attract each other
  - Electric field
  - Magnetic field
- Cathode rays are negatively charged
- Charge and mass
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </math> =1.758 × <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msup> <mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </math>
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true">  <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </math>  remains same for all metals.
 
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Dalton's atomic theory (1808) $\rightarrow$ Cathode ray discharge tube (1850's) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Discovery of electron, 1897 </span> $\rightarrow$ Charge of electron (Millikan's oil drop experiment 1906-14 ) $\rightarrow$ Plum-Pudding model of atom (1898) </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Charge of electron (Millikan's oil drop experiment 1906-14 ) </primary>
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- Mass of oil droplet  
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <mstyle displaystyle="true">
    <mi>q</mi>
    <mi>E</mi>
    <mo>=</mo>
    <mi>m</mi>
    <mi>g</mi>
  </mstyle></math>
- q=1.6 × <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </mo> </mstyle> </math> C
- 3.2 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo>×</mo> </mstyle> </math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> C
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mn>4.8</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> C
- q=e= <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </math>
- <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mfrac> <mi>e</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </math> = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mn>1.753</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </math>
- m=<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mn>9.01</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>k</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </math>
integer multiple of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> C
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Cathode ray discharge tube (1850's) $\rightarrow$ Discovery of electron, 1897 $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Charge of electron (Millikan's oil drop experiment 1906-14 ) </span> $\rightarrow$ Plum-Pudding model of atom (1898) $\rightarrow$ Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Plum-Pudding model of atom (1898) </primary>
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* Atom is spherical
  * Positive charge is uniformly distributed
  * Electrons are embedded into the positive charge density

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![image](https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-11-unit-02-chapter-01-structure-of-the-atom-l-1_8-wj0phw_8yoi-275-2277.6.jpg)
	
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Discovery of electron, 1897 $\rightarrow$ Charge of electron (Millikan's oil drop experiment 1906-14 ) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Plum-Pudding model of atom (1898) </span> $\rightarrow$ Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) $\rightarrow$ Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) </primary>
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- Most $\alpha$ - particles $\rightarrow$ go undeflected
- Small number $\rightarrow$ small angle deflection 
- Rarely $\rightarrow$ bounced back 
          - large angle deflection
    (1 in ~ 20000)

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![image](https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-11-unit-02-chapter-01-structure-of-the-atom-l-1_8-wj0phw_8yoi-301-2600.4.jpg)
	
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Charge of electron (Millikan's oil drop experiment 1906-14 ) $\rightarrow$ Plum-Pudding model of atom (1898) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) </span> $\rightarrow$ Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) $\rightarrow$ Thank you </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Structure Of The Atom L-1 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) </primary>
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- Atom has a lot of empty space
- Atoms have +vely charged particle with mass are concentrated at one place
   (Core <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mo>→</mo> </mstyle> </math>
nucleus) 
- Atom <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </math> m
- core <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>15</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </math>

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![image](https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/chemistry-class-11-unit-02-chapter-01-structure-of-the-atom-l-1_8-wj0phw_8yoi-360-3002.4.jpg)
	
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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Plum-Pudding model of atom (1898) $\rightarrow$ Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Discovery of nucleus (Rutherford's gold foil experiment, 1911) </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank you $\rightarrow$  </footer>