<div> <h3 id="successplant-cell-culture-and-applicationssuccess"><Success>Plant cell culture and applications</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-017-0058.8.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successintroductionsuccess"><Success>Introduction</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>What is Biotechnology</strong></p> <p>Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended to improve the quality of human life.</p> <p><strong>Plant Biotechnology</strong></p> <p>It has two components</p> <ol> <li>Plant Tissue culture</li> <li>Genetic engineering and transgenic plants</li> </ol> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-018-0063.6.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successwhole-plants-can-be-regenerated-via-cell-and-tissue-culturesuccess"><Success>Whole plants can be regenerated via cell and tissue culture</Success></h3> </div> <!--<div style='float: left; width:70%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'>--> <!--</div>--> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e3e7c221-99d6-4936-19bd-89f59146e100/public" style='width:70%'> <!----> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successwhy-we-need-plant-biotechnologysuccess"><Success>Why we need Plant Biotechnology</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>Farmer benefits</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Increase productivity or reduce cost by increasing yield</p> </li> <li> <p>Improving protection from insects and disease</p> </li> <li> <p>Increasing their crops’ tolerance to heat, drought, and other environmental stresses</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Processor benefits</strong></p> <ul> <li>Improve the quality and content of animal feed, food and energy sources</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-020-0198.0.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successwhy-we-need-plant-biotechnologysuccess-1"><Success>Why we need plant biotechnology</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>Consumer benefits</strong></p> <ul> <li>Increased protein, vitamins, minerals etc</li> <li>Healthier oils</li> </ul> <p><strong>Environmental benefits</strong></p> <ul> <li>help reduce agriculture’s impact on the land</li> <li>Conserve soil and energy</li> <li>Reduce greenhouse gases</li> <li>Minimize use of toxic herbicides and insecticides</li> <li>Conserve soil fertility and natural resources</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-020-0198.0.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successintroductionsuccess-1"><Success>Introduction</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li>History of plant cell culture and genetic engineering</li> <li>Laboratory setup</li> <li>Cell and tissue culture techniques</li> <li>Gene transfer methods in plants</li> <li>Transgenic plants with beneficial traits</li> <li>Biosafety in plant genetic engineering</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-021-0469.2.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successthe-media-roomsuccess"><Success>The media room</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>Instrument required:</strong></p> <ul> <li>pH meter</li> <li>Electronic balance (macro and micro)</li> <li>Hot plate stirrers</li> <li>Water purification system</li> <li>Microwave and oven</li> <li>Refrigerator</li> <li>Lab carts and trays</li> <li>Autoclave</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/4357cdc1-b842-4d66-e608-14d87805a400/public" style='width:100%'> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successlaboratory-organizationsuccess"><Success>Laboratory organization</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>Minimum requirement</p> </li> <li> <p>Washing and media room</p> </li> <li> <p>Inoculation room</p> </li> <li> <p>Culture room</p> </li> <li> <p>Transgenic containment facility</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-023-1675.2.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successthe-inoculation-roomsuccess"><Success>The inoculation room</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>Instrument required</strong></p> <ul> <li>Laminar flow hood (most important): horizontal for plants, vertical for <em>Agrobacterium</em>, HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter with a size of 0.3µm, 99.99% sterile air, UV sterilization facility and light source for working.</li> <li>Dissecting microscope</li> <li>Tissue culture instruments</li> <li>Flame sterilizer,Other consumables,Other consumables</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/495d86c2-4fcd-4b68-a961-a9c553f79900/public" style='width:60%'> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successthe-culture-roomsuccess"><Success>The culture room</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p>Instrument required</p> <ul> <li>Tissue culture racks - can be single shelf of multiple shelf</li> <li>Controlled light and photoperiod requirement</li> <li>Controlled temperature and humidity (if required and possible)</li> <li>Separate dark chamber for callus induction</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/484c6fab-dd06-46c7-0b60-c170f24e0d00/public" style='width:60%'> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successthe-transgene-containment-facility-green-housesuccess"><Success>The transgene containment facility (Green house)</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li>Controlled light and photoperiod requirement</li> <li>Controlled temperature and humidity</li> <li>Watering facility</li> <li>Small storage and washing facility</li> <li>Separate control panels for all the parameters</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width: 50%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/358a7e0f-8c7d-46b2-34e2-ca65664f8600/public" style='width:60%'> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successbasic-personal-trainingsuccess"><Success>Basic personal training</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li> <p>Handling of instruments</p> </li> <li> <p>How to avoid and control fire</p> </li> <li> <p>Handling of hazardous chemicals, proper washing procedures</p> </li> <li> <p>Handling of autoclave and hot media: i hoc media and glassware</p> </li> <li> <p>Knowledge of first aid</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-028-2086.8.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successcomposition-of-some-plant-tissue-culture-media-values-in-mg-1success"><Success>Composition of some plant tissue culture media (values in mg 1)</Success></h3> </div> <div style='display: flex; justify-content:center; width:100%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3792a4a1-20ae-43d1-cede-d80e3660c700/public" style='width:30%'> </div> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successhow-to-maintain-aseptic-conditionssuccess"><Success>How to maintain aseptic conditions</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:70%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>Steam sterilization</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Autoclaves: horizontal, veštical</p> </li> <li> <p>121 °C with 15 psi pressure for 20 min (longer period for large volumes)</p> </li> <li> <p>For flasks, test tubes, media, bottles and plastic ware (non disposable)</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:30%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/1bb42591-245a-4827-6e7c-53bd02f8b300/public" style='width:60%'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c8bb0ff1-ea3a-42bc-9c10-0ffd50044200/public" style='width:60%'> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successhow-to-maintain-aseptic-conditionssuccess-1"><Success>How to maintain aseptic conditions</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:70%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><ins>Filter sterilization</ins></p> <p>Not everything is sterilized by steam</p> <p>Membrane filters with 0.22/0.45 um pore size, variable capacity- 50 ml to 500 ml or more, operated by syringe or vacuume pump</p> <p>For media with monosaccharides, hormones, antibiotics stocks etc</p> </div> <div style='float: right; width:30%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e54d2c8e-fd01-41fc-e4fe-a54bfcc27400/public" style='width:50%'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e16de4fa-a673-4a80-4c61-46d178f6b300/public" style='width:50%'> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successhow-to-maintain-aseptic-conditionssuccess-2"><Success>How to maintain aseptic conditions</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:60%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>Surface sterilization</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>By UV in laminar flow</p> </li> <li> <p>70% Ethanol for hand sterilization</p> </li> <li> <p>Flame sterilization of metal instruments inside laminar flow</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:40%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/490166bc-fb40-4af2-2c31-5e6ea79aac00/public" style='width:60%'> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successhow-to-maintain-aseptic-conditionssuccess-3"><Success>How to maintain aseptic conditions</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <p><strong>Surface sterilization of explant</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Mild sterilization by washing with detergents (leaf)</p> </li> <li> <p>1-4% sodium hypochlorite (buds, seeds, roots)</p> </li> <li> <p>01-1% HgC12 (seeds, old seeds, infected explants)</p> </li> <li> <p>Followed by thorough washing with sterile deionized water inside laminar flow</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-033-3020.4.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successafter-going-through-this-video-you-should-be-able-to-answersuccess"><Success>After going through this video, you should be able to answer</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <ul> <li>What is plant biotechnology</li> <li>How many countries are growing biotech crops in what acreage</li> <li>Which are major biotech crops?Benefits of biotech crops</li> <li>Which biotech crop is growing in India</li> <li>What is totipotency</li> <li>What is tissue culture media?History of plant tissue culture</li> <li>What are the main constituents of growth media</li> <li>What are the popular methods for sterilization of instruments, growth media, plants tissue, working surface etc</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-034-3096.0.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successplant-tissue-culture-applicationsuccess"><Success>Plant Tissue Culture Application</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-037-3204.0.jpg"></p> </div>

<div> <h3 id="successthank-yousuccess"><Success>Thank you</Success></h3> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-17-chapter-01-plant-cell-culture-and-applications-lecture-1_3-qhngpgecxvi-038-3222.0.jpg"></p> </div>