<h4 id="successapplications-of-biotechnology-in-medicine-success"><Success>Applications of Biotechnology in Medicine </Success></h4> <h3 id="successpart-1success"><Success>Part-1</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; text-align:left; width:100%; font-size:30px;'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-2.jpg">

<h3 id="successareas-coveredsuccess"><Success>Areas covered</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; center; width:50%; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li> <p>Making therapeutic proteins hormones, growth factors, recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies or mAbs, fusion proteins etc</p> </li> <li> <p>Vaccine development</p> </li> <li> <p>Diagnostics</p> </li> <li> <p>Gene therapy</p> </li> <li> <p>Transgenic animals</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!--<img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-3.jpg" width="20%">--> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/9878cd94-6129-4135-e3ea-e908219c8200/public" style='width:100%'> </div>

<h4 id="successsome-of-the-top-recombinant-therapeuticssuccess"><Success>Some of the top recombinant therapeutics</Success></h4> <div style='float: left; center; width:100%; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li>All the proteins are coded for by a gene which can be cloned, expressed in a heterologous host</li> </ul> <br> <br> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Treatment</th> <th></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Human insulin</td> <td>Diabetes</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Erythropoietin</td> <td>Anaemia</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Human growth hormone</td> <td>Dwarfism</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Interleukin-2</td> <td>Renal cell carcinoma</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <!----> </div>

<h4 id="successsome-of-the-top-recombinant-therapeuticssuccess-1"><Success>Some of the top recombinant therapeutics</Success></h4> <div style='float: left; center; width:100%; font-size:30px;'> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Treatment</th> <th></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Granulocyte colony- stimulating factor</td> <td>Chemotherapy induced neutropenia</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Interferon 2α and 2β</td> <td>Chronic myeloid leukaemia, Hept B & C</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Streptokinase, TPA</td> <td>Myocardial infarction</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Blood factor VIII</td> <td>Haemophilia A</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <!----> </div>

<h4 id="successgenetically-engineered-insulin-_ecoli_-platformsuccess"><Success>Genetically engineered insulin <em>E.coli</em> platform</Success></h4> <div style='float: left; width:50%; font-size:30px;'> <!--Bacterial biomass (Harvesting and disruption)--> <!--$\darr$--> <!--Insulin precursor in inclusion bodies (recovery and solubilization)--> <!--$\darr$--> <!--Proinsulin (unfolded)--> <!--$\darr$--> <!--Proinsulin (folded)--> <!--$\darr$--> <!--Crude Insulin--> <!--$\darr$--> <!--Purified Insulin--> <p>Given the existence of pro-insulin and then cleavage of the same to generate chain A and B which are further disulfide bonded, following two methods exist</p> <ol> <li>Both A and B chains are synthesized via two different <em>E. coli</em> transformants and then two chains are linked</li> <li>Proinsulin synthesis followed by processing under right conditions.</li> </ol> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <!--<img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-5.jpg" width="50%">--> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/287b5272-4051-47a8-9e57-c07d8ea48f00/public" style='width:100%'> </div>

<h4 id="successgenetically-engineered-human-serum-albumin---cloning-to-production-in-a-bioreactorsuccess"><Success>Genetically engineered human serum albumin - cloning to production in a bioreactor</Success></h4> <div style='float: left; center; width:50%; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li>HSA single copy clone</li> <li>Development of process for production in bioreactor</li> <li>Transformation and expression in Pichia Pastoris</li> <li>Copy number confirmation by qRT-PCR</li> <li>Evaluation of quality attributes of the purified HSA</li> <li>Production of HSA on the optimized medium and quantitation by HPLC</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!--<img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-6.jpg" width="80%">--> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/58779441-9594-46ad-7b05-a6dbf11df000/public" style='width:100%'> </div>

<h4 id="successproduction-of-human-serum-albumin-in-a-bioreactorsuccess"><Success>Production of human serum albumin in a bioreactor</Success></h4> <div style='float: left; center; width:50%; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li>Provides for a larger volume for cultivation (can go up to 10,000 L and more)</li> <li>Control of pH, aeration, constant/variable feed</li> <li>You can monitor production for a long period of time without removing too much of the sample</li> <li>On-line monitoring is also possible</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!--<img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-7.jpg" width="80%">--> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/b2f8dee2-e608-4eae-28a6-bedb352e3900/public" style='width:60%'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/303b88c5-5577-4a13-01cc-a26075e2bc00/public" style='width:60%'> </div>

<h3 id="successvaccine-developmentsuccess"><Success>Vaccine development</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; center; width:50%; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li>Identify the gene on the virus that can be used as an antigen</li> <li>Clone the gene in a suitable shuttle plasmid (<em>E. coli, P. pastoris</em>)</li> <li>Check the plasmid construct, transform into yeast</li> <li>Grow the recombinant yeast in a bioreactor</li> <li>Purify the antigen and use as a vaccine</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!----> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c37f3a90-5f92-4603-a091-5399da92d500/public" style='width:100%'> </div>

<h3 id="successgene-therapysuccess"><Success>Gene Therapy</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; center; width:50%; font-size:30px;'> <p>Adenosine deaminase deficiency causes defect in the immune system.</p> <ul> <li>Bone marrow transplantation</li> <li>Enzyme replacement</li> </ul> <!---Bone marrow transplantation--> <!---Enzyme replacement--> <!--ADA CDNA +Retroviral vector $\rarr$ Recombinant vector $--> <!--\rarr$Lymphocytes--> <!--Direct delivery--> <!--Cell-based delivery--> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <!--<img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-9.jpg" width="80%">--> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/8515c9cc-4ef6-4319-88f6-bc82edc22f00/public" style='width:100%'> </div>

<h3 id="successdiagnosticssuccess"><Success>Diagnostics</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; text-align:left; width:100%; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li> <p>Dengue virus</p> </li> <li> <p>Corona-19 virus</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-10.jpg"></p> </div>

<h3 id="successapplications-in-medicinesuccess"><Success>Applications in medicine</Success></h3> <div style='float: left; text-align:left; width:100%; font-size:30px;'> <ul> <li>Recombinant therapeutics</li> <li>Vaccine</li> <li>Gene therapy</li> <li>Diagnostics</li> <li>Transgenics</li> </ul> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <p><img alt="image" src="https://temp-public-img-folder.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/sathee.prutor.images/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-13-chapter-01-application-of-biotechnologyin-medicine-lecture-1-myommb0wdzs-11.jpg"></p> </div>

<h3 id="successthank-yousuccess"><Success>Thank you</Success></h3>