biology-class-12-unit-03-chapter-03-reproduction-sexual-reproductionin-flowering-plants-l-3-5-mz20ssj776o

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Factors favoring cross pollination </primary>
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- **Male sterlity -**  Pollen grains are not functional

- **Unisexual -** Male and female plant are different

- $\quad$**Example-** Papaya

- **Heterostyly-** Stigma is very long (Doesn't allow self pollination)

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![image](/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-03-chapter-03-reproduction-sexual-reproductionin-flowering-plants-l-3_5-mz20ssj776o-2.jpg)

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction in flowering plants $\rightarrow$ Factors favoring cross pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Factors favoring cross pollination </span> $\rightarrow$ Agents of cross pollination $\rightarrow$ Anemophily or wind pollination </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Agents of cross pollination </primary>
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- **Abiotic factors**

- Anemophily or wind pollination

- Hydrophily or water pollination

- **Biotic factors**

- Entomophily (Insect pollination)

- Ornithophily (Bird pollination)

- Chiropteriophily (Bat pollination)

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Factors favoring cross pollination $\rightarrow$ Factors favoring cross pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Agents of cross pollination </span> $\rightarrow$ Anemophily or wind pollination $\rightarrow$ Hydrophily or water pollination </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Anemophily or wind pollination </primary>
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- **Example-** Grasses, Sugarcane, Bamboo, Coconut, Palm, Cannabis, Maize

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<img src ="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/910d382e-6d23-46f9-4169-c8bd61046900/public" style='width:100%'>

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Factors favoring cross pollination $\rightarrow$ Agents of cross pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Anemophily or wind pollination </span> $\rightarrow$ Hydrophily or water pollination $\rightarrow$ Insect pollination </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Insect pollination </primary>
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- 1. Flower are colored $\rightarrow$ Insect of different types are attracted

- 2. Flower produces specific scent (Odor)

- 3. Flower are producing nectars

- 4. Flower blossum at a specific time

- 5. Moth 'Sunset'

- 6. Pollen grains are edible , **Example**- _Rosa_

- 7. Pollen grains are rough and sticky

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![image](/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-03-chapter-03-reproduction-sexual-reproductionin-flowering-plants-l-3_5-mz20ssj776o-7.jpg)

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Anemophily or wind pollination $\rightarrow$ Hydrophily or water pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Insect pollination </span> $\rightarrow$ Entomophily or insect pollination $\rightarrow$ Ornithophily or bird pollination </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Ornithophily or bird pollination </primary>
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- **Birds pollinators**

- Flower are large size
 - Funnel shape Corolla
 - Birghtly Coloured
 - Nectors
 - Scentless

- **Example of birds-**Humming bird, Crow, Bulbul, Parrot

- **Example of plants-** _Bombax_, _Erythrina_, _Bignonia_, _Agave_

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Insect pollination $\rightarrow$ Entomophily or insect pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Ornithophily or bird pollination </span> $\rightarrow$ Bat pollination $\rightarrow$ Advantage of cross pollination </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Disadvantage of cross pollination </primary>
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- **1.** New species with bad qualities

- **2.** Features like colored petals, nectar, scent are required, thus the process is not economic

- **3.** The process is uncertain

- **4.** Addition of undesirable features

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Bat pollination $\rightarrow$ Advantage of cross pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Disadvantage of cross pollination </span> $\rightarrow$ Difference between self and cross pollination $\rightarrow$ Difference between self and cross pollination </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Difference between self and cross pollination </primary>
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| Self pollination | Cross pollination | 
| -------- | -------- | 
| Either in bisexual plant or monoecious conditions| Possible in unisexual or dioecious plants | 
| External pollination agent is not required| External pollination agency is required | 
| Pure lines and homozygous offsprings| High level of heterozygosity |

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![image](/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-03-chapter-03-reproduction-sexual-reproductionin-flowering-plants-l-3_5-mz20ssj776o-389-3115.2.jpg)

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Advantage of cross pollination $\rightarrow$ Disadvantage of cross pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Difference between self and cross pollination </span> $\rightarrow$ Difference between self and cross pollination $\rightarrow$ Questions </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Sexual Reproductionin Flowering Plants L-3 </Success>
### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Questions </primary>
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- **Question 1.** What is chasmogamous flower?

- **Question 2.** Can cross pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers?

- **Question 3.** Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self pollination?

- **Question 4.** What is bagging technique? How it is useful in plant breeding programme?

- **Question 5.** What is bagging technique? How it is useful in plant breeding programme?

- **Question 6.** What is self-incompatibility?Why does self pollination not lead to the seed formation in self-incompatible species?

- **Question 7.** What is meant by emasculation?

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![image](/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-03-chapter-03-reproduction-sexual-reproductionin-flowering-plants-l-3_5-mz20ssj776o-413-3360.0.jpg)

![image](/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-03-chapter-03-reproduction-sexual-reproductionin-flowering-plants-l-3_5-mz20ssj776o-13.jpg)

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<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Difference between self and cross pollination $\rightarrow$ Difference between self and cross pollination $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Questions </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank you $\rightarrow$  </footer>