### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reproduction in organism (Part-4) </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'>  </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reproduction in organism (Part-4) </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> - 1. Pre fertilization events- Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis (male gamete) - oogenesis (female gamete) - 2. Fertilization - 3. Post fertilization - Isogametes - Male and female gametes are identical in morphology - Heterogametes - Male and female gametes are different in morphology and their activity </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'>  </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Reproduction in organism (Part-4) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%; text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> - **Male gamete** - Small motile - Microgametes: Spermatozoa (animals) </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%; text-align:left; font-size:30px;'> - **Female gametes** - Big large and non motile - Nutrition for developing embryo - Macrogamete: ovum <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Reproduction in organism (Part-4) $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: right; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left;'> - 1. Unisexual- seperate male and female individual - Example: Male and female in humans - 2. Bisexual- both male and female sex organs in same individual - Example: Endoparasites- fluke worm </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <!----> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: right; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left;'> - 3. Squential bisexuality- depending on environmental conditions, male and female interchange their sexuality - Example- Coral reef, Oyester </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'>  </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left;'> - 3. Squential bisexuality- - **Coral reef** - Several female are dependent on one male for fertilisation - In the event of death of male, biggest female of the society convert into male - **Oyester** - They do not have females, rather they have big and small males - Bigger male convert into female and fertilize with smaller male </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'>  </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Pre fertilization events** - 1. Cell division </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/dc3e71a1-63a3-4d5e-af3e-dc35e3260b00/public" style='width:60%'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Pre fertilization events** - 2. Transfers of gamete - In lower plants (example- algae, bryophyta, pteridophyta), male is motile and have flagella - Male and female gametes are isogamous - Male swim in the water to reach the female non motile gamete and fertilize </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Pre fertilization events** - 2. Transfers of gamete - In higher plants (example- angiosperms and gymnosperms), male gamete is non-motile - Male and female gamete form within the flower, the flower could be unisexual or bisexual - Transfer of male gamete to the female gamete requires medium and known as pollination. </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Pre fertilization events** - 2. Transfers of gamete - When male and female gametes are on different flower, cross pollination takes place and when male and female gamete are on same flower, self-pollination takes place - Cross-pollination require water, air, insect, bird, bat, etc - In case of animals, male gamete is motile and female gamete is non motile </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'>  </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Fertilization events** - Can be divided into three cases: </div> <div style='float: left; width:40%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - 1. Organism in which external fertilisation and external development of embryo takes place. Examples- Fishes and Frog - Efficiency of this process is low </div> <div style='float: right; width:60%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/c38edcca-7109-43cc-c989-ace5fd3b0c00/public" style='width:100%'> <!----> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Fertilization events** - Can be divided into three cases: </div> <div style='float: left; width:40%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - 2. Internal fertilization but external development of embryo. Examples- birds and lizards - More efficient than the external fertilisation <!--fertilization in side female body --> <!--zygote --> <!--fertilize egg --> <!--encaptional into shall egg --> </div> <div style='float: right; width:60%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/281d8bbb-67f2-4dc6-6f53-e614fe47a800/public" style='width:80%'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Fertilization events** - Can be divided into three cases: </div> <div style='float: left; width:40%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - 3. Internal fertilization but internal development of embryo. Examples- Humans - More efficient than the external fertilisation <!--fertilization in side female body --> <!--zygote --> <!--fertilize egg --> <!--encaptional into shall egg --> </div> <div style='float: right; width:60%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/ada95f19-20ce-4275-a64b-e082e9de9f00/public" style='width:80%'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Post- fertilization events** </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/23d85a36-0c34-403f-9a61-92eb3eb0bd00/public" style='width:60%'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <!--<div style='float: left; width:60%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'>--> <!--* Parthenogenesis--> <!-- - Natural--> <!-- - Complete parthenogenesis - lizards stroke--> <!-- - Incomplete parthenosis - honey bee and Birds--> <!-- female--> <!-- female gamete --> <!--male gamete --> <!--zygote --> <!-- favorable condition --> <!-- female gamete --> <!-- new individual --> <!--</div>--> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> - **Parthenogenesis** <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/43028269-d059-4063-c053-1b803076e000/public" style='width:80%'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Thank you </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Sexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%; font-size:30px; text-align:left'> - **Parthenogenesis** - Complete parthenogenesis - Lizards, snake - Incomplete parthenogenesis - Honey bee and Birds </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/1d63a8f7-20bf-4bf6-8480-31a1bf372400/public" style='width:100%'> <!----> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Sexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank you $\rightarrow$ </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-4 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Thank you </primary> <hr> <main> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Sexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Thank you </span> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ </footer>