### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Reproduction in organism </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-008-0022.8.jpg" style='width:60%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Reproduction in organism </span> $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction(Binary division) $\rightarrow$ Binary fission in bacteria </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Asexual reproduction(Binary division) </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:70%;font-size:25px;text-align:left'> </div> <div style='float: right; width:100%;text-align:center'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e809f338-5324-41b2-1477-61298358e400/public" style= 'width: 40%;'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Reproduction in organism $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Asexual reproduction(Binary division) </span> $\rightarrow$ Binary fission in bacteria $\rightarrow$ Binary fission in bacteria </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Binary fission in bacteria </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - If we begin with one bacterium, it divides with each generation time. * Generation (n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n * No. of bacteria 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 * No. of bacteria 1 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>5</mn> </msup> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>6</mn> </msup> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mstyle> </math> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;text-align:center'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e809f338-5324-41b2-1477-61298358e400/public" width="100%"> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Reproduction in organism $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction(Binary division) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Binary fission in bacteria </span> $\rightarrow$ Binary fission in bacteria $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Binary fission in bacteria </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - Hence, After few generations, no of bacteria will be - <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mstyle> </math> --------Eq 9.1 - But assume if number of bacteria at time 0 is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mstyle> </math> then - <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mstyle> </math>---------Eq 9.2 - <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="true"> <mrow> <mi>Log</mi> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>Log</mi> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Log</mi> <mn>10</mn> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </math>----Eq 9.3 </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;text-align:center'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e809f338-5324-41b2-1477-61298358e400/public" width="100%"> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Asexual reproduction(Binary division) $\rightarrow$ Binary fission in bacteria $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Binary fission in bacteria </span> $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Asexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/60adb714-b375-4416-0fe8-e6820ea85400/public" width="100%"> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:40%;text-align:center'>--> <!--</div>--> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Binary fission in bacteria $\rightarrow$ Binary fission in bacteria $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Asexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Asexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/7c76611f-7dfc-4d8a-433d-dd05e55f3f00/public" width="80%"> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:50%;'>--> <!--</div> --> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Binary fission in bacteria $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Asexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Asexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/2ecb6793-30b9-4b41-bebf-351d5ace8c00/public" width="70%"> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:100%;'>--> <!--</div>--> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Asexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction(Multi fission) </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Asexual reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/80e7c49e-5102-4e77-224f-e280dca3be00/public" style= 'width:60%'> </div> <!--<div style='float: right; width:60%;'>--> <!----> <!--</div>--> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Asexual reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction(Multi fission) $\rightarrow$ Spore formation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Asexual reproduction(Multi fission) </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> <!--1. Malaria parasite--> <!--2. Amoeba--> <!--3. Budding--> <!-- - Yeast--> <!-- - Hydra--> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/33cad380-41d3-4958-7592-2e56a9868100/public" width="100%"> </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/bfcaa4f3-8904-41fc-2695-95237246ea00/public" width="0%"> <!--<figure>--> <!--<img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/63f69dec-cc22-43bc-0b45-a0cdb541e400/public" width="0%">--> <!--</figure>--> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Asexual reproduction(Multi fission) </span> $\rightarrow$ Spore formation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Spore formation </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - 1. Environmental stress - Temprature, Humidity - 2. Dispersal- Distribution form one place to other place - A. Zoospore- zoosporangium - Example - _Achlya_ - B. Sporangiospore(Sporungna) - C. Chlamydospores - D. Oidia - E. Conidia </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/9fc869a2-80a8-49f6-cc43-0696ea99c500/public" style='width:100%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Asexual reproduction $\rightarrow$ Asexual reproduction(Multi fission) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Spore formation </span> $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Vegetative propagation </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - 1. Root $\rightarrow$ New plant - 2. Stem - 3. Leaves - 4. Seeds </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/d6eca64b-79a9-4373-626c-d7416591c100/public" style='width:90%'> <img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-482-2679.6.jpg" style='width:0%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Asexual reproduction(Multi fission) $\rightarrow$ Spore formation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Vegetative propagation </span> $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Vegetative propagation </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - 2. Stem - 3. Underground stem - Sucker - "Mint" - Rhizomes - "Ginger" - Corns - $\quad$ **Example-**Banana - Bulbs - $\quad$ **Example-**Garlic, onion, Lilles - Tubers </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-554-3092.4.jpg" style='width:60%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Spore formation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Vegetative propagation </span> $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Vegetative propagation </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: right; width:100%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/e9f0c269-14f1-4c12-67ae-9823ece89b00/public" style='width:60%'> <img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-555-3093.6.jpg" style='width:0%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Vegetative propagation </span> $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Vegetative propagation </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - 1. Root - 2. Stem - Underground stem - Creeping stems - Rumers - Stolons$\quad$**Example-**Strawberry - offsets$\quad$**Example-**Pista - Aerial stems </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-591-3314.4.jpg" style='width:60%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Vegetative propagation </span> $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Artificial vegetative reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Vegetative propagation </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - 1. Root - 2. Stem - 3. Leaves </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src= "https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/eab14878-e22c-4acc-a260-661df405e200/public" style='width:100%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Vegetative propagation </span> $\rightarrow$ Artificial vegetative reproduction $\rightarrow$ Artificial vegetative reproduction </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Artificial vegetative reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> * Cutting * Layering * Mound layering * Air layering </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <img src="//subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-619-3475.2.jpg" style='width:60%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Artificial vegetative reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Artificial vegetative reproduction $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Artificial vegetative reproduction </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:100%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> * Grafting - Whip grafting - Wedge grafting - Crown grafting - Side grafting - Bud grafting </div> <div style='float: right; width:0%;'> <img src="//subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-619-3475.2.jpg" style='width:60%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Artificial vegetative reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Artificial vegetative reproduction </span> $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ Thank you </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Vegetative propagation </primary> <hr> <main> <div style='float: left; width:50%;font-size:30px;text-align:left'> - 1. Cutting - 2. Layering - 3. Grafting - 4. Plant tissue culture </div> <div style='float: right; width:50%;'> <img src="https://imagedelivery.net/YfdZ0yYuJi8R0IouXWrMsA/3ff888a9-c441-42dc-d536-2b402d75e900/public" style='width:100%'> <img src="/subject-images/iitpal/image/biology-class-12-unit-02-chapter-02-reproduction-reproductionin-organisms-l-2_4-kzh-gt9_om8-622-3522.0.jpg" style='width:0%'> </div> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Artificial vegetative reproduction $\rightarrow$ Artificial vegetative reproduction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Vegetative propagation </span> $\rightarrow$ Thank you $\rightarrow$ </footer>

### <Success style="font-size:25px"> Reproduction Reproductionin Organisms L-2 </Success> ### <primary style="font-size:24px"> Thank you </primary> <hr> <main> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Artificial vegetative reproduction $\rightarrow$ Vegetative propagation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Thank you </span> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ </footer>