exemplar-phy-12-moving-charges-and-magnetism

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Ques. Two charged particles traverse identical helical paths in a completely opposite sense in a uniform magnetic field ${B}=B_0 \hat{{k}}$.
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(a) They have equal z-components of momenta
(b) They must have equal charges
(c) They necessarily represent a particle-antiparticle pair
(d) The charge to mass ratio satisfy : $\frac{e}{m_1}+\frac{e}{m_2}=0$
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Ques. A current carrying circular loop of radius $R$ is placed in the $x$-$y$ plane with centre at the origin. Half of the loop with $x>0$ is now bent so that it now lies in the $y$-$z$ plane.
<div class="fragment">
(a) The magnitude of magnetic moment now diminishes
(b) The magnetic moment does not change
(c) The magnitude of $B$ at $(0,0, z)$, $z$ » $R$ increases
(d) The magnitude of $B$ at $(0,0, z)$, $z$ » $R$ is unchanged
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Thinking process :
The magnetic moment of circular loop and the net magnitudes of magnetic moment of each semicircular loop of radius R lie in the $x$-$y$ plane and the $y$-$z$ plane are compared.
Ans. (a)
The direction of magnetic moment of circular loop of radius $R$ is placed in the $x-y$ plane is along $z$-direction and given by $M=I(\pi^{2})$, when half of the loop with $x>0$ is now bent so that it now lies in the $y-z$ plane, the magnitudes of magnetic moment of each semicircular loop of radius $R$ lie in the $x-y$ plane and the $y-z$ plane is $M^{\prime}=I(\pi^{2}) / 4$ and the direction of magnetic moments are along $z$-direction and $x$-direction respectively.
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Ques. An electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid. Which of the following is true?
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(a) The electron will be accelerated along the axis
(b) The electron path will be circular about the axis
(c) The electron will experience a force at $45^{\circ}$ to the axis and hence execute a helical path
(d) The electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the solenoid
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Thinking process :
Here, magnetic lorentz force comes into existence when a charge moves in uniform magnetic field produces by current carrying long solenoid.
Ans. (d)
Magnetic Lorentz force electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid $F=-ev B \sin 180^{\circ}=0(\theta=0^{\circ})$ as magnetic field and velocity are parallel. The electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the solenoid.
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Ques. A circular current loop of magnetic moment $M$ is in an arbitrary orientation in an external magnetic field ${B}$. The work done to rotate the loop by $30^{\circ}$ about an axis perpendicular to its plane is
<div class="fragment">
(a) $M B$ $ \newline $
(b) $\sqrt{3} \frac{M B}{2}$ $ \newline $
(c) $\frac{M B}{2}$ $ \newline $
(d) zero $ \newline $
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Thinking process :
The rotation of the loop by $30^{\circ}$ about an axis perpendicular to its plane imply that the axis of the loop still continues to inclined with the same angle with the direction of magnetic field.
Ans. (a)
The rotation of the loop by $30^{\circ}$ about an axis perpendicular to its plane make no change in the angle made by axis of the loop with the direction of magnetic field, therefore, the work done to rotate the loop is zero.
Note The work done to rotate the loop in magnetic field $W=M B(\cos \theta_1-\cos \theta_2)$, where signs are as usual.
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Thinking process :
The gyro-magnetic ratio of an electron in an $H$-atom is equal to the ratio of the magnetic moment and the angular momentum of the electron.
Ans. (a)
If $I$ is the magnitude of the angular momentum of the electron about the central nucleus (orbital angular momentum). Vectorially,
$\mu_l=-\frac{e}{2 m_e} l$
The negative sign indicates that the angular momentum of the electron is opposite in direction to the magnetic moment.
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Ques. Consider a wire carrying a steady current, $I$ placed in a uniform magnetic field ${B}$ perpendicular to its length. Consider the charges inside the wire. It is known that magnetic forces do no work. This implies that,
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(a) motion of charges inside the conductor is unaffected by ${B}$, since they do not absorb energy
(b) some charges inside the wire move to the surface as a result of ${B}$
(c) if the wire moves under the influence of ${B}$, no work is done by the force
(d) if the wire moves under the influence of ${B}$, no work is done by the magnetic force on the ions, assumed fixed within the wire
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Ans. (b, d)
Magnetic forces on a wire carrying a steady current, $I$ placed in a uniform magnetic field $B$, a wire carrying a steady current, $I$ placed in a uniform magnetic field ${B}$ perpendicular to its length is given by
$F=I l B$
The direction of force is given by Fleming’s left hand rule and $F$ is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field ${B}$. Therefore, work done by the magnetic force on the ions is zero.
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Ques. Two identical current carrying coaxial loops, carry current $I$ in an opposite sense. A simple amperian loop passes through both of them once. Calling the loop as $C$,
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(a) $\oint_c {B}.{d l}=$ $\mp 2\mu_0 I$
(b) the value of $\oint_c {B}.{d l}$ is independent of sense of $C$
(c) there may be a point on $C$ where, ${B}$ and ${d l}$ are perpendicular
(d) $B$ vanishes everywhere on $C$
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Ques. A cubical region of space is filled with some uniform electric and magnetic fields. An electron enters the cube across one of its faces with velocity $v$ and a positron enters via opposite face with velocity $-v$. At this instant,
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(a) the electric forces on both the particles cause identical accelerations
(b) the magnetic forces on both the particles cause equal accelerations
(c) both particles gain or loose energy at the same rate
(d) the motion of the Centre of Mass (CM) is determined by B alone
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Thinking process :
The Lorentz force is experienced by the single moving charge in space is filled with some uniform electric and magnetic fields is given by ${F}={q} {E}+q({v} \times {B})$.
Ans. (b, c, d)
The magnetic forces ${F}=q({v} \times {B})$, on charge particle is either zero or ${F}$ is perpendicular to ${v}$ (or component of ${v}$ ) which in turn revolves particles on circular path with uniform speed. In both the cases particles have equal accelerations.
 
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Thinking process :
The Lorentz force is experienced by the single moving charge in space is filled with some uniform electric and magnetic fields is given by ${F}=q {E}+q({v} \times {B})$.
Ans. (a, b, d)
Here, force on charged particle due to electric field $F_E=q E$.
Force on charged particle due to magnetic field, ${F} _m=q({v} \times {B})$
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Ans.
For a charge particle moving perpendicular to the magnetic field, the magnetic Lorentz forces provides necessary centripetal force for revolution.
$\frac{m v^{2}}{R}=q v B$
On simplifying the terms, we have
$\therefore \quad \frac{q B}{m}=\frac{v}{R}=\omega$
Finding the dimensional formula of angular frequency
$\therefore {[\omega]=\frac{q B}{m}=\frac{v}{R}=[T]^{-1}}$
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Thinking process :
The relationship of radio frequency and charge particle frequency must be equal in order to accelerate the charge particle between the dees in cyclotron.
Ans.
Here, the condition of magnetic resonance is violated.
When the frequency of the radio frequency ($rf$) field were doubled, the time period of the radio frequency ($rf$) field were halved. Therefore, the duration in which particle completes half revolution inside the dees, radio frequency completes the cycle.
Hence, particle will accelerate and decelerate alternatively. So, the radius of path in the dees will remain same.
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Ques. Two long wires carrying current $I_1$ and $I_2$ are arranged as shown in figure. The one carrying current $I_1$ is along is the $x$-axis. The other carrying current $I_2$ is along a line parallel to the $y$-axis given by $x=0$ and $z=d$. Find the force exerted at $O_2$ because of the wire along the $x$-axis.
<img src="https://cdn.mathpix.com/snip/images/u8lhPUxhfMO431ZSFTyoUJnYUg9C4LYs7HU6bhucsYA.original.fullsize.png" height="200px">
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Thinking process :
Here, the understanding of application of the rule of finding directions of magnetic field and magnetic force on current carrying wire placed in magnetic field is beautifully tested.
Ans.
In Biot- Savart law, magnetic field ${B}$ is parallel to $i dl \times {r}$ and $i {d l}$ have its direction along the direction of flow of current.
Here, for the direction of magnetic field, At due to wire carrying $I_1$ current is
$\text{ B } | \text{ parallel } i \text{ dl } \times r \text{ or } \hat{{i}} \times \hat{{k}} \text{, but } \hat{{i}} \times \hat{{k}}=-\hat{{j}}$
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Thinking process :
The magnetic field due to arc of current carrying coil which subtends an angle $\theta$ at centre is given by ${B}=\frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \frac{I \theta}{R}$.
Ans.
For the current carrying loop quarter circles of radius $R$, lying in the positive quadrants of the $x$-$y$ plane
$B_1=\frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \frac{I(\pi / 2)}{R} \hat{k}=\frac{\mu_0}{4} \frac{I}{2 R} \hat{{k}}$
For the current carrying loop quarter circles of radius $R$, lying in the positive quadrants of the $y$-$z$ plane
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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$B_2=\frac{0}{4} \frac{I}{2R} \hat{i}$
For the current carrying loop quarter circles of radius $R$, lying in the positive quadrants of the $z$-$x$ plane
$B_3=\frac{\mu_0}{4} \frac{I}{2 R} \hat{i}$
Current carrying loop consists of 3 identical quarter circles of radius $R$, lying in the positive quadrants of the $x$-$y$, $y$-$y$ and $z$-$z$ planes with their centres at the origin, joined together is equal to the vector sum of magnetic field due to each quarter and given by
${B}=\frac{1}{4 \pi}(\hat{{i}}+\hat{{j}}+\hat{{k}}) \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 R} .$
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Ans.
No dimensionless quantity can be constructed using given quantities.
For a charge particle moving perpendicular to the magnetic field, the magnetic Lorentz forces provides necessary centripetal force for revolution.
$\frac{m v^{2}}{R}=q v B$
On simplifying the terms, we have
$\therefore \quad \frac{q B}{m}=\frac{v}{R}=\omega$
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Thinking process :
The magnetic field revolves the charge particle in uniform circular motion in $x$-$y$ plane and electric field along $x$-direction increases the speed, which in turn increases the radius of circular path and hence, particle traversed on spiral path.
Ans.
Considering magnetic field ${B}=B_0 \hat{{k}}$, and an electron enters with a velocity ${v}=v_0 \hat{{i}}$ into a cubical region (faces parallel to coordinate planes).
The force on electron, using magnetic Lorentz force, is given by
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Thinking process :
Here, the understanding of application of the rules of finding directions of magnetic field and magnetic force on current carrying wire placed in magnetic field is needed.
Ans.
In Biot-Savart’s law, magnetic field ${B}$ is parallel (II) to $i {d l} \times {r}$ and $i d$ have its direction along the direction of flow of current.
Here, for the direction of magnetic field, At $dl_2$, located at $(0, R, 0)$ due to wire $d_1$ is given by $B | i dl \times r$ or $ \hat {i} \times \hat{j} $ (because point $(0, R, 0)$ lies on $y$-axis), but $\hat{i} \times \hat{j}=\hat{k}$
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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So, the direction of magnetic field at $d_2$ is along $z$-direction.
The direction of magnetic force exerted at $d_2$ because of the first wire along the $x$-axis.
$F=i(I \times B)$ i.e., $F |(i \times k)$ or along $-\hat{{j}}$ direction.
Therefore, force due to $dl_1$ on $dl_2$ is non-zero.
Now, for the direction of magnetic field, At $d_1$, located at $(0,0,0)$ due to wire $d_2$ is given by $B | i {d l} \times {r}$ or $\hat{{j}} \times \hat{{j}}$ (because origin lies on $y$-direction w.r.t. point $(0, R, 0)$.), but ${j} \times {j}=0$.
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Ques. A multirange voltmeter can be constructed by using a galvanometer circuit as shown in figure. We want to construct a voltmeter that can measure $2 V, 20 V$ and $200 V$ using a galvanometer of resistance $10 \Omega$ and that produces maximum deflection for current of $1 mA$. Find $R_1, R_2$ and $R_3$ that have to be used.
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Thinking process :
A galvanometer can be converted into voltmeter by connecting a very high resistance wire connected in series with galvanometer. The relationship is given by $I_g(G+R)=V$ where $I_g$ is range of galvanometer, $G$ is resistance of galvanometer and $R$ is resistance of wire connected in series with galvanometer.
 
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Ans.
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Applying expression in different situations
$\text{ For } i_G(G+R_1)=2 \text{ for 2V range } $
$\text{ For } i_G(G+R_1+R_2)=20 \text{ for 20V range } $
$\text{ and For } i_G(G+R_1+R_2+R_3)=200 \text{ for 200V range } $
On solving, we get $R_1=1990 \Omega, R_2=18 k \Omega$ and $R_3=180 k \Omega$.
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Ques. A long straight wire carrying current of 25 A rests on a table as shown in figure. Another wire PQ of length 1 m, mass 2.5 g carries the same current but in the opposite direction. The wire PQ is free to slide up and down. To what height will PQ rise?
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Thinking process :
The force applied on PQ by long straight wire carrying current of 25A rests on a table must balance the weight of small current carrying wire.
Ans.
The magnetic field produced by long straight wire carrying current of $25 A$ rests on a table on small wire
$B=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi h}$
The magnetic force on small conductor is
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Ques. A 100 turn rectangular coil ABCD (in XY plane) is hung from one arm of a balance figure. A mass 500g is added to the other arm to balance the weight of the coil. A current 4.9 A passes through the coil and a constant magnetic field of 0.2 T acting inward (in $xz$ plane) is switched on such that only arm CD of length 1 cm lies in the field. How much additional mass ‘$m$’ must be added to regain the balance?
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Thinking process :
The magnetic force applied on CD by magnetic field must balance the weight.
Ans.
For equilibrium/ balance, net torque should also be equal to zero.
When the field is off $\Sigma t=0$ considering the separation of each hung from mid-point be $I$.
$M g l =W _{\text{coil }} l $
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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$500 g l =W _{\text{coil }} l $
$W _{\text{coil }} =500 \times 9.8 N $
Taking moment of force about mid-point, we have the weight of coil When the magnetic field is switched on
$ M g l+m g l =W _{\text{coil }} l+I B L \sin 90^{\circ} I $
$m g l =B I L l $
$m =\frac{B I L}{g}=\frac{0.2 \times 4.9 \times 1 \times 10^{-2}}{9.8}=10^{-3} kg=1 g $
Thus, $1 g$ of additional mass must be added to regain the balance.
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Ques. A rectangular conducting loop consists of two wires on two opposite sides of length $l$ joined together by rods of length $d$. The wires are eachof the same material but with cross-sections differing by a factor of 2. The thicker wire has a resistance $R$ and the rods are of low resistance, which in turn are connected to a constant voltage source $V_0$. The loop is placed in uniform a magnetic field ${B}$ at $45^{\circ}$ to its plane. Find $\tau$, the torque exerted by the magnetic field on the loop about an axis through the centres of rods.
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Now, the force and hence, torque on first wire is given by
$F_1=i_1 l B=\frac{V_0}{2 R} l B, \tau_1=\frac{d}{2 \sqrt{2}} F_1=\frac{V_0 l d B}{2 \sqrt{2} R}$
Similarly, the force hence torque on other wire is given by
$F_2=i_2 l B=\frac{V_0}{2 R} l B, \tau_2=\frac{d}{2 \sqrt{2}} F_2=\frac{V_0 l d B}{4 \sqrt{2} R}$
So, net torque, $\quad \tau=\tau_1-\tau_2$
$\tau=\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{2}} \frac{V_0 l d B}{R}$
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Thinking process :
The circles of the electron and a positron shall not overlap if the distance between the two centers are greater than $2 R$
Ans.
Since, $B$ is along the $x$-axis, for a circular orbit the momenta of the two particles are in the $y-z$ plane. Let $p_1$ and $p_2$ be the momentum of the electron and positron, respectively. Both traverse a circle of radius $R$ of opposite sense. Let $p_1$ make an angle $\theta$ with the $y$-axis $p_2$ must make the same angle.
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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$C_e \equiv(0,-R \sin \theta, R \cos \theta)$
The coordinates of $C_p$ is
$C_p \equiv(0,-R \sin \theta, \frac{3}{2} R-R \cos \theta)$
The circles of the two shall not overlap if the distance between the two centers are greater than $2 R$.
Let $d$ be the distance between $C_p$ and $C_e$.
Let $d$ be the distance between $C_p$ and $C_e$
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Thinking process :
The different shapes forms figures of different area and hence, there magnetic moments varies.
Ans.
We know that magnetic moment of the coils $m=n / A$.
Since, the same wire is used in three cases with same potentials, therefore, same current flows in three cases.
(i) for an equilateral triangle of side $a$,
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Ques. Consider a circular current-carrying loop of radius $R$ in the $x$-$y$ plane with centre at origin. Consider the line integral
$\mathfrak{I}(L)$ $=|\int_{\mathcal{-L}}^{L} B.d l|$ taken along $z$-axis.
(a) Show that $\mathfrak{I}(L)$ monotonically increases with $L$
(b) Use an appropriate Amperian loop to show that $\mathfrak{I}(\infty)=\mu_0 I$, where $I$ is the current in the wire
(c) Verify directly the above result
(d) Suppose we replace the circular coil by a square coil of sides $R$ carrying the same current $I$.
What can you say about $\mathfrak{I}(L)$ and $\mathfrak{I}(\infty)$ ?
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Thinking process :
This question revolves around the application of Ampere circuital law.
Ans.
(a) B (z) points in the same direction on $z$-axis and hence, $\mathfrak{I}(L)$ is a monotonically function of $L$.
Since, $B$ and ${d l}$ along the same direction, therefore ${B}.t {d l}={B} . {d l}$ as $\cos 0=1$
(b) $J(L)+$ contribution from large distance on contour $C=\mu_0 I$
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Put $\quad z=R \tan \theta_1$
$\Rightarrow \quad d z=R \sec ^{2} \theta d \theta$
$\therefore \quad \int _{-\infty}^{\infty} B_z d z=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2} \int _{-\pi / 2}^{\pi / 2} \cos \theta d \theta=\mu_0 I$
(d)$Bz _{\text{square}}<Bz _{\text{circular coil }}$
$\therefore \quad IL _{\text{square }}< IL _{\text{circular coil }}$
But by using arguments as in (b)
$I\infty _{\text{square }}=I\infty _{\text{circular }}$
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Ques. A multirange current meter can be constructed by using a galvanometer circuit as shown in figure. We want a current meter that can measure 10mA, 100mA and 1A using a galvanometer of resistance $10 \Omega$ and that produces maximum deflection for current of 1mA. Find $S_1, S_2$ and $S_3$ that have to be used.
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Thinking process :
A galvanometer can be converted into ammeter by connecting a very low resistance wire (shunt S) connected in parallel with galvanometer. The relationship is given by $I_g G=(I-I_g)$ S, where $I_g$ is range of galvanometer, $G$ is resistance of galvanometer.
Ans.
$I_G . G =(I_1-I_G)(S_1+S_2+S_3) \text{ for } I_1=10 mA $
$I_G(G+S_1) =(I_2-I_G)(S_2+S_3) \text{ for } I_2=100 mA $
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Ques. Five long wires $A, B, C, D$ and $E$, each carrying current $I$ are arranged to form edges of a pentagonal prism as shown in figure. Each carries current out of the plane of paper.
<div style='float: left; width: 60%'>
(a) What will be magnetic induction at a point on the axis 0 ? Axis is at a distance $R$ from each wire.
(b) What will be the field if current in one of the wires (say $A$ ) is switched off?
(c) What if current in one of the wire (say $A$ ) is reversed?
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Thinking process :
The vector sum of magnetic field produced by each wire at $O$ is equal to 0.
Ans.
(a) Suppose the five wires $A, B, C, D$ and $E$ be perpendicular to the plane of paper at locations as shown in figure.
Thus, magnetic field induction due to five wires will be represented by various sides of a closed pentagon in one order, lying in the plane of paper. So, its value is zero.
(b) Since, the vector sum of magnetic field produced by each wire at $O$ is equal to $0$.
<Success>Sol. to be continued …</Success>
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Therefore, magnetic induction produced by one current carrying wire is equal in magnitude of resultant of four wires and opposite in direction.
Therefore, the field if current in one of the wires (say $A$ ) is switched off is $\frac{\mu_0}{2 \pi} \frac{i}{R}$ perpendicular to $A O$ towards left.
(c) If current in wire $A$ is reversed, then total magnetic field induction at $O$
$=$ Magnetic field induction due to wire $A+$ magnetic field induction due to wires $B, C, D$ and $E$
$=\frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi R} \frac{2 I}{R}$
(acting perpendicular to $A O$ towards left) $+\frac{\mu_0}{\pi} \frac{2 I}{R}$ (acting perpendicular $A O$ towards left) $=\frac{\mu_0 I}{\pi R}$ acting perpendicular $A O$ towards left.
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