<h5 id="types-of-tertiary-activities">TYPES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES</h5> <ul> <li>Tertiary activities include trade, transport, communication, and services.</li> <li>These activities are not related to primary (natural resources) or secondary (manufacturing) activities.</li> <li>An example of a tertiary activity is purchasing goods from a shop or traveling by bus or rail.</li> <li>Services, such as those provided by teachers and doctors, also fall under tertiary activities.</li> <li>The classification of tertiary activities is provided in the chart (Fig. 6.1).</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="trade-and-commerce">Trade and commerce</h5> <ul> <li>Trade is the buying and selling of goods and services, often for profit.</li> <li>Trading centers can be divided into rural and urban marketing centers, with urban centers providing more specialized services and goods.</li> <li>Rural marketing centers serve nearby settlements and are often not fully urbanized, while urban marketing centers provide goods and services to larger populations.</li> <li>Periodic markets in rural areas are found in places without regular markets and serve as temporary collection and distribution points.</li> <li>Urban marketing centers offer specialized markets, such as labor, housing, and semi or finished products, as well as services from educational institutions and professionals.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="retail-trading">Retail Trading</h5> <ul> <li>Retail trading is the sale of goods directly to consumers, often taking place in fixed establishments or stores.</li> <li>Non-store retail trading includes street peddling, handcarts, trucks, door-to-door, mail-order, telephone, automatic vending machines, and internet sales.</li> <li>Consumer cooperatives, the first large-scale innovation in retailing, involve consumers jointly owning and operating businesses for their mutual benefit.</li> <li>Departmental stores delegate responsibility and authority to departmental heads for purchasing and sales in different sections of the store.</li> <li>Chain stores can purchase merchandise economically, often directing goods to be manufactured to their specification. They employ skilled specialists in many executive tasks and can apply experimental results to many stores.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="wholesale-trading">Wholesale Trading</h5> <ul> <li>Wholesale trading involves bulk business through intermediary merchants and supply houses.</li> <li>It does not typically involve retail stores, although some large stores and chain stores can buy directly from manufacturers.</li> <li>Most retail stores procure supplies from wholesalers.</li> <li>Wholesalers often extend credit to retail stores, allowing them to operate largely on the wholesaler’s capital.</li> <li>This process supports the supply chain from manufacturers to retailers, excluding the examples and solutions.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="transport">Transport</h5> <ul> <li>Transport is a service that facilitates the movement of people, materials, and goods between locations.</li> <li>It is a complex industry that significantly enhances the value of materials at every stage of production, distribution, and consumption.</li> <li>Transport distance can be measured in three ways: km distance, time distance, and cost distance.</li> <li>The choice of transport mode is determined by distance, whether it’s measured in time or cost.</li> <li>Transport networks consist of nodes and links. Nodes are meeting points of routes, origins, destinations, or sizeable towns along a route. Links are roads that join two nodes. A developed network has many links, ensuring good connectivity.</li> <li>Isochrone lines are used to join places that take equal time to reach on a map.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="factors-affecting-transport">Factors Affecting Transport</h5> <ul> <li>The demand for transport is directly proportional to the size of the population.</li> <li>Routes for transportation depend on various factors, including: <ul> <li>The location and distribution of cities, towns, villages, and industrial centers.</li> <li>The pattern of trade between these areas.</li> <li>The nature of the landscape and type of climate.</li> <li>The funds available for overcoming obstacles along the route.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="communication">Communication</h5> <ul> <li>Communication services involve transmitting words, messages, facts, and ideas.</li> <li>The invention of writing enabled message preservation and made communication dependent on transport modes (hand, animal, boat, road, rail, air).</li> <li>With an efficient transport network, communications are easily disseminated; mobile telephony and satellites have made communications independent of transport.</li> <li>Older communication systems remain in use due to their cost-effectiveness, resulting in large volumes of mail handled by post offices worldwide.</li> <li>Specific communication services include mail, telephone, telegraph, and telex, with mobile telephony and satellites being the latest additions.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="telecommunications">Telecommunications</h5> <ul> <li>Telecommunications is closely tied to the progress of modern technology.</li> <li>It has significantly improved communication speeds, reducing the time for message delivery from weeks to minutes.</li> <li>Recent advancements like mobile telephony have enabled instantaneous communication anytime and anywhere.</li> <li>Traditional methods like telegraph, morse code, and telex have been largely replaced by modern means.</li> <li>Radio, television, and the internet serve as mass media, providing news, pictures, and telephone calls to global audiences, and are essential for advertising and entertainment.</li> <li>Satellite communication plays a crucial role in relaying earth and space information.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="services">Services</h5> <ul> <li>Services are categorized based on the industry, people, or both, with low-order services like grocery shops and laundries being more common than high-order or specialized services such as accountants, consultants, and physicians.</li> <li>Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for them, with workers performing either physical labor (e.g., gardeners, launderers, barbers) or mental labor (e.g., teachers, lawyers, physicians, musicians).</li> <li>Many services are regulated and performed by governments or companies, including highway and bridge maintenance, fire departments, education, and customer care. Professional services include health care, engineering, law, and management.</li> <li>The location of recreational and entertainment services depends on the market, with multiplexes and restaurants near the Central Business District (CBD) and golf courses in areas with lower land costs.</li> <li>Personal services, often provided by unskilled workers migrating from rural areas, facilitate daily life. An example is Mumbai’s dabbawala (Tiffin) service, which provides meals to around 175,000 customers throughout the city.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="people-engaged-in-tertiary-activities">PEOPLE ENGAGED IN TERTIARY ACTIVITIES</h5> <ul> <li>The text discusses the prominence of tertiary activities, which involve service provision.</li> <li>In more developed countries, a larger percentage of workers are engaged in tertiary activities compared to less developed countries.</li> <li>The trend of employment in the service sector has been on the rise, while it has remained stagnant or decreased in primary and secondary activities.</li> <li>Primary activities refer to the extraction of raw materials, and secondary activities involve the processing of these raw materials into manufactured goods.</li> <li>Tertiary activities, being service-oriented, include sectors such as finance, education, health, and retail.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="some-selected-examples">SOME SELECTED EXAMPLES</h5> <p>I’m sorry for the confusion, but it seems the text for summarization has not been provided. Here’s a general response format:</p> <ul> <li>[Bullet 1: Briefly summarize the main idea or objective of the text.]</li> <li>[Bullet 2: Mention the key concepts or theories presented.]</li> <li>[Bullet 3: If there are any equations or formulae, include them here.]</li> <li>[Bullet 4: Summarize any important findings or conclusions.]</li> <li>[Bullet 5: Optional, if there’s space left, you can add any additional relevant information.]</li> </ul> <p>Please provide the text for summarization to get a more specific response.</p> <p>======</p> <h5 id="tourism">Tourism</h5> <ul> <li>Tourism is travel for recreational purposes, not business.</li> <li>It is the world’s largest tertiary activity with 250 million jobs and 40% of total GDP.</li> <li>Local employment and infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft industries benefit from tourism.</li> <li>Tourism can be seasonal, depending on weather, but some regions attract visitors year-round.</li> <li>Tourists partake in activities such as skiing in mountainous regions (Figure 6.5).</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="tourist-regions">Tourist Regions</h5> <ul> <li>The Mediterranean Coast and the West Coast of India are popular tourist destinations due to their warm climates.</li> <li>Winter sports regions, often located in mountainous areas, are also attractive to tourists.</li> <li>Scenic landscapes and national parks are scattered around the world and attract tourists for their natural beauty.</li> <li>Historic towns with monuments, heritage sites, and cultural activities are popular tourist destinations.</li> <li>The choice of tourist region varies depending on individual preferences, such as climate, sports, natural beauty, and cultural interests.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="tourist-attractions">Tourist Attractions</h5> <ul> <li>The Mediterranean climate, with its higher temperatures, long hours of sunshine, and low rainfall, is a significant factor in the importance of tourism in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean lands.</li> <li>Tourists are attracted to landscapes that are appealing, which often include mountains, lakes, and unique sea coasts, as well as areas that have not been heavily altered by human presence.</li> <li>The history and art of a region can also be major attractions, with people often visiting ancient or picturesque towns, archaeological sites, castles, palaces, and churches.</li> <li>Culture and economy play a role in tourism as well, with regions that offer ethnic and local customs, and affordable needs and services, tending to be popular among tourists.</li> <li>Home-stay businesses, such as heritage homes in locations like Goa, Madikere, and Coorg in Karnataka, have emerged as profitable opportunities in the tourism industry.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="medical-services-for-overseas-patients-in-india">Medical Services for Overseas Patients in India</h5> <ul> <li>In 2005, around 55,000 patients from the USA visited India for treatment, a small number compared to the millions of surgeries in the US healthcare system.</li> <li>India has become a leading country in medical tourism, with world-class hospitals in metropolitan cities serving international patients.</li> <li>Medical tourism brings significant benefits to developing countries like India, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia.</li> <li>There is a growing trend of outsourcing medical tests and data interpretation to countries like India, Switzerland, and Australia.</li> <li>Outsourcing can offer advantages such as improved quality and specialized care, but it should be focused on enhancing patient care.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="quaternary-activities">QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES</h5> <ul> <li>The Quaternary Sector involves the collection, production, and dissemination of information or the production of information.</li> <li>This sector is knowledge-oriented and centers around research, development, and specialized knowledge and technical skills.</li> <li>The Quaternary Sector, along with the Tertiary Sector, has replaced most primary and secondary employment as the basis for economic growth.</li> <li>High growth has been seen in demand for and consumption of information-based services, such as those provided by mutual fund managers, tax consultants, software developers, and statisticians.</li> <li>Jobs in offices, elementary schools, university classrooms, hospitals, doctors’ offices, theaters, accounting and brokerage firms, among others, fall into this category of services.</li> <li>Like some Tertiary functions, Quaternary activities can also be outsourced and are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localized by market.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="quinary-activities">QUINARY ACTIVITIES</h5> <ul> <li>The text appears to discuss various colors and a question mark symbol ($?$) associated with each.</li> <li>There are no equations or formulae provided in the text.</li> <li>Based on the summary guidelines, examples and their solutions are not expected to be included.</li> <li>The given text is incomplete and lacks sufficient information to generate a coherent summary.</li> <li>It is not possible to create 5-6 bullet points from this text, as there is not enough content to summarize.</li> </ul> <p>======</p> <h5 id="the-digital-divide">THE DIGITAL DIVIDE</h5> <ul> <li>The digital divide refers to the uneven distribution of opportunities emerging from Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based development across the globe.</li> <li>Economic, political, and social differences among countries contribute to this divide.</li> <li>The speed at which countries can provide ICT access and benefits to its citizens is a deciding factor in this divide.</li> <li>Developed countries have generally surged forward, while developing countries have lagged behind.</li> <li>Digital divides also exist within countries, with areas like metropolitan centers often having better connectivity and access to the digital world than peripheral rural areas.</li> </ul> <p>======</p>