Optics- Young’s Interference Experiment - Intensity Distribution and Variation

Slide 1

  • Young’s interference experiment.
  • Study of interference of light waves.
  • Understand intensity distribution and variation.

Slide 2

  • Young’s double-slit setup.
  • Slits S1 and S2.
  • Monochromatic light source.

Slide 3

  • Path difference (Δx).
  • Constructive interference.
  • Destructive interference.
  • Conditions for constructive and destructive interference.

Slide 4

  • Interference pattern.
  • Bright fringes.
  • Dark fringes.

Slide 5

  • Distance between slits (d).
  • Distance between screen and slits (D).
  • Angle of separation (θ).
  • Relation between d, D, and θ.

Slide 6

  • Intensity distribution.
  • Variation of intensity with distance.
  • Central maximum.

Slide 7

  • Equation for intensity at a point on the screen.
  • Bright fringe intensity.
  • Dark fringe intensity.

Slide 8

  • Contrast in interference pattern.
  • Degree of coherence.
  • Coherence length.

Slide 9

  • Factors affecting interference pattern.
  • Wavefront quality.
  • Monochromaticity of light source.

Slide 10

  • Examples of Young’s interference experiment application.
  • Newton’s rings.
  • Michelson interferometer.

Slide 11

  • Young’s interference experiment and film thickness.
  • Film thickness interference pattern.
  • Thin film interference.
  • Conditions for maximum and minimum interference.
  • Example: Soap bubble interference.

Slide 12

  • Newton’s rings experiment.
  • Interference between a convex lens and a flat glass plate.
  • Air wedge interference pattern.
  • Distance between the lens and the glass plate.
  • Evaluation of the radius of curvature of the convex lens.

Slide 13

  • Michelson interferometer setup.
  • Interference fringes.
  • White light interference.
  • Equation for central fringe width.
  • Example: Determining refractive index using a Michelson interferometer.

Slide 14

  • Fringe visibility.
  • Coherence time.
  • Temporal coherence.
  • Spatial coherence.
  • Example: Visibility of interference fringes with different sources.

Slide 15

  • Young’s interference experiment and wavelength of light.
  • Relation between wavelength and fringe width.
  • Determining the wavelength of monochromatic light.
  • Example: Calculating the wavelength using interference fringes.

Slide 16

  • Lloyd’s mirror setup.
  • Reflected and transmitted waves.
  • Constructive and destructive interference.
  • Equation for fringe width.
  • Example: Lloyd’s mirror interference for a point source.

Slide 17

  • Haidinger fringes.
  • Birefringent materials.
  • Circularly polarized light.
  • Interference pattern in birefringent materials.
  • Example: Interference fringes in a calcite crystal.

Slide 18

  • Coating thickness measurement.
  • Fabry-Perot interferometer setup.
  • Interference maxima and minima.
  • Equation for calculating coating thickness.
  • Example: Determining the thickness of a thin film using a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Slide 19

  • Interference in thin films.
  • Multiple-beam interference.
  • Thin film interference equation.
  • Non-reflective coating.
  • Example: Calculating the thickness of a non-reflective coating.

Slide 20

  • Laser interferometer setup.
  • Laser light interference.
  • Applications of laser interferometry.
  • Interference in holography.
  • Example: Interference pattern in a hologram. ``

Slide 21

  • Interference in wedge-shaped films.
  • Wedge-shaped film setup.
  • Interference pattern in wedge-shaped films.
  • Equation for fringe spacing.
  • Example: Interference fringes in a thin wedge.

Slide 22

  • Interference of polarized light.
  • Polarization of light waves.
  • Malus’ law for polarized light.
  • Interference of polarized light waves.
  • Example: Interference of polarized light through two polarizers.

Slide 23

  • Interference in thin films (continued).
  • Reflective coating interference.
  • Thin film interference in multiple reflections.
  • Example: Calculating the number of reflections in a thin film.

Slide 24

  • Interference filters.
  • Constructive and destructive interference in filters.
  • Designing interference filters.
  • Example: Designing a green filter using interference.

Slide 25

  • Diffraction of light.
  • Huygen’s principle.
  • Single slit diffraction.
  • Diffraction pattern equation.
  • Example: Calculating the position of minima in single slit diffraction.

Slide 26

  • Diffraction grating.
  • Multiple slit interference.
  • Grating equation.
  • Example: Calculating the angular separation in a diffraction grating.

Slide 27

  • Resolving power of a grating.
  • Definition of resolving power.
  • Resolving power equation.
  • Example: Calculating the resolving power of a grating.

Slide 28

  • Resolution in microscopy.
  • Optical microscope setup.
  • Abbe’s criterion for resolution.
  • Example: Calculating the minimum resolvable distance in a microscope.

Slide 29

  • Interference microscopy.
  • Microinterferometer setup.
  • Measurement of thickness using interference microscopy.
  • Example: Measuring the thickness of a transparent sample using interference microscopy.

Slide 30

  • Interference in radio waves.
  • Radio wave interference pattern.
  • Applications of radio wave interference.
  • Example: Interference in radio telecommunication signals.