Electric Field and Potential
- Introduction to electric field and potential
- Definition of electric field and potential energy
- Relationship between electric field and potential
Electric Field Lines
- Representation of electric field lines
- Properties and characteristics of electric field lines
- Examples of electric field lines
Calculation of Electric Field
- Calculation of electric field due to point charges
- Electric field due to multiple point charges
- Examples of calculating electric field
Electric Potential
- Definition of electric potential
- Relationship between electric field and potential
- Calculation of electric potential due to point charges
Equipotential Surfaces
- Definition and properties of equipotential surfaces
- Relationship between electric field and equipotential surfaces
- Examples of equipotential surfaces
Electric Potential Energy
- Definition of electric potential energy
- Calculation of electric potential energy
- Relationship between electric field, potential, and potential energy
Conductors and Insulators
- Difference between conductors and insulators
- Conductors and electric fields
- Effect of conductors on electric potential
Concept of Capacitance
- Introduction to capacitance
- Definition of capacitance
- Calculation of capacitance
Capacitors in Series
- Definition of capacitors in series
- Calculation of equivalent capacitance for capacitors in series
- Examples of capacitors in series
Capacitors in Parallel
- Definition of capacitors in parallel
- Calculation of equivalent capacitance for capacitors in parallel
- Examples of capacitors in parallel
Electric Current
- Definition of electric current
- Calculation of electric current (I = Q/t)
- Unit of electric current (Ampere, A)
- Examples of calculating electric current
Ohm’s Law
- Statement of Ohm’s Law (V = IR)
- Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance
- Calculation of resistance (R = V/I)
- Examples of applying Ohm’s Law
Resistors in Series
- Definition of resistors in series
- Calculation of equivalent resistance for resistors in series (R_eq = R1 + R2 + …)
- Examples of resistors in series
Resistors in Parallel
- Definition of resistors in parallel
- Calculation of equivalent resistance for resistors in parallel (1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + …)
- Examples of resistors in parallel
Power in Electric Circuits
- Definition of power (P = VI)
- Relationship between power, voltage, and current
- Calculation of power in electric circuits
- Examples of calculating power in electric circuits
Kirchhoff’s Laws
- Introduction to Kirchhoff’s laws
- Statement of Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule (Kirchhoff’s First Law)
- Statement of Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule (Kirchhoff’s Second Law)
- Application of Kirchhoff’s laws in solving electrical circuits
RC Circuits
- Introduction to RC circuits
- Definition of RC time constant (τ = RC)
- Charging and discharging of a capacitor in an RC circuit
- Calculation of time constant and voltage across the capacitor in an RC circuit
Magnetic Fields
- Introduction to magnetic fields
- Magnetic field lines and their properties
- Magnetic field due to a straight current-carrying wire
- Calculation of magnetic field strength using Ampere’s Law
Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
- Introduction to Gauss’s law for magnetism
- Statement of Gauss’s law for magnetism
- Calculation of magnetic flux
- Examples of applying Gauss’s law for magnetism
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
- Introduction to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
- Relationship between change in magnetic flux and induced emf
- Calculation of induced emf using Faraday’s law
- Examples of Faraday’s law in electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic Waves
- Introduction to electromagnetic waves
- Definition and properties of electromagnetic waves
- Relationship between electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic waves
- Speed of electromagnetic waves (c = 3 x 10^8 m/s)
- Examples of electromagnetic waves (radio waves, microwaves, visible light, etc.)
Reflection of Light
- Introduction to reflection of light
- Laws of reflection (incident angle = reflected angle; incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane)
- Formation of images in plane mirrors
- Calculation of angles of incidence and reflection
- Examples of reflection of light
Refraction of Light
- Introduction to refraction of light
- Snell’s Law of refraction (n1 * sin(theta1) = n2 * sin(theta2))
- Calculation of angles of incidence and refraction
- Refraction of light at the boundary between different media
- Examples of refraction of light
Total Internal Reflection
- Introduction to total internal reflection
- Conditions for total internal reflection
- Critical angle and its calculation using Snell’s law (theta_c = sin^{-1}(n2/n1))
- Examples of total internal reflection
- Applications of total internal reflection (fiber optics, mirage)
Lenses and Lens Formula
- Introduction to lenses
- Types of lenses (convex and concave)
- Lens formula (1/f = 1/v - 1/u)
- Calculation of focal length, object distance, and image distance
- Examples of calculating lens parameters
Lens Maker’s Formula
- Introduction to Lens Maker’s formula
- Relationship between refractive indices, radii of curvature, and focal length for a lens
- Calculation of focal length using Lens Maker’s formula
- Examples of Lens Maker’s formula
Optical Instruments: Microscopes
- Introduction to optical instruments
- Principle and working of microscopes
- Types of microscopes (simple and compound)
- Calculation of magnification in microscopes
- Examples of microscopes
Optical Instruments: Telescopes
- Introduction to telescopes
- Principle and working of telescopes
- Types of telescopes (refracting and reflecting)
- Calculation of magnification in telescopes
- Examples of telescopes
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Introduction to dual nature of radiation and matter
- Wave-particle duality
- Explanation of photoelectric effect
- Calculation of energy and momentum of photons
- Examples of dual nature of radiation and matter
Atoms and Nuclei
- Introduction to atoms and nuclei
- Structure of an atom (nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons)
- Atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr)
- Mass defect and nuclear binding energy
- Examples of atoms and nuclei
Electric Field and Potential Introduction to electric field and potential Definition of electric field and potential energy Relationship between electric field and potential