Current Through a P-N Junction

• Introduction to current flow through a P-N junction
• Explanation of how a P-N junction is formed
• Discussion on the formation of depletion region
• Introduction to the concepts of diffusion and drift currents
• Examples showcasing the effects of forward and reverse biasing

Forward Biasing of a P-N Junction

• Explanation of forward biasing
• Understanding the behavior of p-side and n-side under forward bias
• Graphical representation of current-voltage characteristics in forward bias
• Calculation of current flow in forward bias using Ohm’s Law
• Example illustrating the concept of forward biasing

Reverse Biasing of a P-N Junction

• Explanation of reverse biasing
• Understanding the behavior of p-side and n-side under reverse bias
• Graphical representation of current-voltage characteristics in reverse bias
• Explanation of reverse saturation current
• Calculation of current flow in reverse bias using Ohm’s Law

Understanding Diodes

• Introduction to diodes
• Explanation of diode symbols and their polarity
• Description of ideal and practical diodes
• Examples showcasing the applications of diodes in rectification, modulation, etc.
• Discussion on the diode equation and its significance

Diode as a Rectifier

• Introduction to the concept of rectification
• Explanation of half-wave and full-wave rectification
• Description of diode-based rectifier circuits such as half-wave rectifier and bridge rectifier
• Graphical representation of input and output waveforms in rectifier circuits
• Calculation of peak inverse voltage (PIV) in rectifier circuits

Diode Clipping Circuits

• Explanation of diode clipping circuits
• Description of the different types of clipping circuits (positive and negative)
• Graphical representation of input and output waveforms in clipping circuits
• Calculation of clipping levels and clipping efficiency
• Examples showcasing the applications of diode clipping circuits

Diode Clamping Circuits

• Explanation of diode clamping circuits
• Description of the different types of clamping circuits (positive and negative)
• Graphical representation of input and output waveforms in clamping circuits
• Calculation of clamping levels and clamping efficiency
• Examples showcasing the applications of diode clamping circuits

Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation

• Introduction to Zener diode
• Explanation of the Zener breakdown phenomenon
• Graphical representation of voltage-current characteristics of Zener diode
• Understanding of Zener diode as a voltage regulator
• Calculation of Zener breakdown voltage

Transistors: Introduction

• Introduction to transistors
• Brief history and importance of transistors
• Explanation of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET)
• Description of NPN and PNP transistors
• Examples showcasing the applications of transistors

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

• Detailed explanation of BJT structure and working principle
• Discussion on NPN and PNP configurations
• Explanation of transistor biasing (base, emitter, and collector currents)
• Calculation of DC currents in a transistor circuit
• Graphical representation of transistor characteristics (common emitter configuration)

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - Common Base Configuration

• Introduction to common base configuration of BJT
• Explanation of terminal voltages and currents in common base configuration
• Graphical representation of input and output characteristics
• Calculation of current and voltage gains in common base configuration
• Examples showcasing the applications of common base configuration

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - Common Collector Configuration

• Introduction to common collector configuration of BJT
• Explanation of terminal voltages and currents in common collector configuration
• Graphical representation of input and output characteristics
• Calculation of current and voltage gains in common collector configuration
• Examples showcasing the applications of common collector configuration

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) - Common Emitter Configuration

• Introduction to common emitter configuration of BJT
• Explanation of terminal voltages and currents in common emitter configuration
• Graphical representation of input and output characteristics
• Calculation of current and voltage gains in common emitter configuration
• Examples showcasing the applications of common emitter configuration

Field-Effect Transistor (FET)

• Introduction to field-effect transistor (FET)
• Explanation of FET structure and working principle
• Comparison between FET and BJT
• Description of N-channel and P-channel FETs
• Examples showcasing the applications of FETs

Field-Effect Transistor (FET) - Common Source Configuration

• Introduction to common source configuration of FET
• Explanation of terminal voltages and currents in common source configuration
• Graphical representation of input and output characteristics
• Calculation of voltage gain and input/output impedance in common source configuration
• Examples showcasing the applications of common source configuration

Field-Effect Transistor (FET) - Common Drain Configuration

• Introduction to common drain configuration of FET
• Explanation of terminal voltages and currents in common drain configuration
• Graphical representation of input and output characteristics
• Calculation of voltage gain and input/output impedance in common drain configuration
• Examples showcasing the applications of common drain configuration

Field-Effect Transistor (FET) - Common Gate Configuration

• Introduction to common gate configuration of FET
• Explanation of terminal voltages and currents in common gate configuration
• Graphical representation of input and output characteristics
• Calculation of voltage gain and input/output impedance in common gate configuration
• Examples showcasing the applications of common gate configuration

Digital Electronics - Introduction

• Introduction to digital electronics
• Explanation of analog and digital signals
• Description of basic digital logic gates (AND, OR, NOT)
• Truth tables and graphical representation of logic gates
• Examples showcasing the applications of digital electronics

Digital Electronics - Sequential Circuits

• Introduction to sequential circuits
• Explanation of flip-flops and latches
• Description of SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops
• Truth tables and graphical representation of flip-flops
• Examples showcasing the applications of sequential circuits

Digital Electronics - Combinational Logic Circuits

• Introduction to combinational logic circuits
• Explanation of multiplexers, decoders, and encoders
• Truth tables and graphical representation of combinational logic circuits
• Calculation of output based on given input combinations
• Examples showcasing the applications of combinational logic circuits

Filters

• Introduction to filters in electronics
• Explanation of the purpose and function of filters
• Description of different types of filters: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters
• Graphical representation of frequency response curves for different filters
• Examples showcasing the applications of filters in signal processing

Low-Pass Filter

• Detailed explanation of low-pass filters
• Description of the frequency response characteristics of a low-pass filter
• Graphical representation of input and output waveforms in a low-pass filter
• Calculation of cutoff frequency and attenuation in a low-pass filter
• Examples showcasing the applications of low-pass filters in audio systems and telecommunications

High-Pass Filter

• Detailed explanation of high-pass filters
• Description of the frequency response characteristics of a high-pass filter
• Graphical representation of input and output waveforms in a high-pass filter
• Calculation of cutoff frequency and attenuation in a high-pass filter
• Examples showcasing the applications of high-pass filters in audio systems and telecommunications

Band-Pass Filter

• Detailed explanation of band-pass filters
• Description of the frequency response characteristics of a band-pass filter
• Graphical representation of input and output waveforms in a band-pass filter
• Calculation of center frequency, bandwidth, and selectivity in a band-pass filter
• Examples showcasing the applications of band-pass filters in radio frequency (RF) communication systems

Band-Stop Filter

• Detailed explanation of band-stop filters
• Description of the frequency response characteristics of a band-stop filter
• Graphical representation of input and output waveforms in a band-stop filter
• Calculation of center frequency, bandwidth, and attenuation in a band-stop filter
• Examples showcasing the applications of band-stop filters in noise cancellation and interference suppression

Semiconductor Devices - Introduction

• Introduction to semiconductor devices
• Explanation of the significance of semiconductors in modern technology
• Description of different semiconductor materials: silicon and germanium
• Discussion on the doping process and its effects on semiconductor properties
• Examples showcasing the applications of semiconductor devices

Semiconductor Diode

• Detailed explanation of semiconductor diode
• Description of diode construction, P-N junction, and depletion region
• Explanation of diode operation in forward and reverse bias
• Graphical representation of forward and reverse voltage-current characteristics in a diode
• Examples showcasing the applications of semiconductor diodes in rectification, switching, and voltage regulation

Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

• Introduction to light-emitting diodes (LED)
• Explanation of LED structure and working principle
• Discussion on the different types of LEDs: visible, infrared, and ultraviolet
• Graphical representation of input and output characteristics of an LED
• Examples showcasing the applications of LEDs in lighting, displays, and communication

Photoelectric Effect

• Explanation of the photoelectric effect
• Description of the experimental setup and observations
• Discussion on the production and behavior of photoelectrons
• Explanation of the Einstein’s photoelectric equation
• Examples showcasing the applications of the photoelectric effect in photovoltaic cells and sensors

Wave-Particle Duality

• Introduction to wave-particle duality
• Explanation of the concept of dual nature of light and matter
• Description of the Young’s double-slit experiment and observations
• Discussion on the behavior of electrons and photons as particles and waves
• Examples showcasing the applications of wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics and modern physics