Basics of Electronic Communication Systems
- Modulation and Its Necessity
- Basic Element of communication system
Slide 1
- Introduction to electronic communication systems
- Importance of modulation in communication
- Definition of modulation
- Brief history of electronic communication
Slide 2
- Communication system block diagram
- Explanation of transmitter, channel, and receiver
- Role of modulation in transferring information
Slide 3
- Advantages of modulation in communication systems
- Reduction of interference
- Efficient use of bandwidth
- Improved signal quality
Slide 4
- Types of modulation techniques
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Phase Modulation (PM)
Slide 5
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Explanation of varying amplitude of carrier signal
- Equation for AM signal
- Demodulation process
Slide 6
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Explanation of varying frequency of carrier signal
- Equation for FM signal
- Demodulation process
Slide 7
- Phase Modulation (PM)
- Explanation of varying phase of carrier signal
- Equation for PM signal
- Demodulation process
Slide 8
- Comparison of AM, FM, and PM techniques
- Advantages and disadvantages of each modulation type
- Application areas for AM, FM, and PM
Slide 9
- Modulation index
- Definition and significance of modulation index
- Calculation and interpretation of modulation index in AM, FM, and PM
Slide 10
- Summary of electronic communication systems
- Importance of modulation in communication
- Types of modulation techniques
- Comparison of AM, FM, and PM
- Significance of modulation index
Slide s 11 to 20:
Slide 11
- Analog vs Digital signals
- Definition and characteristics of analog signals
- Examples of analog signals
- Definition and characteristics of digital signals
- Examples of digital signals
Slide 12
- Sampling and quantization in digital signals
- Explanation of sampling process
- Nyquist’s sampling theorem
- Quantization process and quantization levels
- Application of sampling and quantization in digital communication
Slide 13
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- Explanation of PCM technique in digital communication
- Encoding process and quantization errors
- Decoding process and signal reconstruction
- Applications of PCM in communication systems
Slide 14
- Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
- Explanation of PAM technique in digital communication
- Sampling process and signal levels
- Encoding process and bit rate
- Applications of PAM in communication systems
Slide 15
- Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
- Explanation of PWM technique in digital communication
- Variation in pulse width and signal levels
- Encoding process and duty cycle
- Applications of PWM in communication systems
Slide 16
- Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
- Explanation of PPM technique in digital communication
- Variation in pulse position and signal levels
- Encoding process and pulse position spacing
- Applications of PPM in communication systems
Slide 17
- Line coding and data encoding
- Overview of different line coding techniques
- Explanation of Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar, and Manchester coding
- Advantages and disadvantages of each coding technique
- Application areas for line coding techniques
Slide 18
- Bandwidth and data rate in digital communication
- Definition and calculation of bandwidth
- Relation between bandwidth and data rate
- Factors affecting data rate
- Examples and calculations for data rate and bandwidth
Slide 19
- Error detection and correction
- Types of errors: single bit, burst, and random errors
- Parity check and error detection techniques
- Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques
- Examples and applications of error detection and correction techniques
Slide 20
- Summary and Conclusion
- Recap of modulation techniques in electronic communication
- Introduction to digital communication techniques
- Sampling and quantization in digital signals
- Line coding and data encoding
- Bandwidth and data rate in digital communication
- Error detection and correction techniques
Slide s 21 to 30:
Slide 21
- Ray Optics
- Reflection and Refraction of Light
- Laws of reflection and refraction
- Snell’s law equation: n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂
- Mirrors and Lenses
- Concave and Convex mirrors
- Concave and Convex lenses
Slide 22
- Mirror Formula
- Object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f)
- Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
- Sign convention for mirrors (converging and diverging)
Slide 23
- Lens Formula
- Object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f)
- Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
- Sign convention for lenses (converging and diverging)
Slide 24
- Ray Diagrams for Mirrors
- Rules for drawing ray diagrams
- Ray diagrams for concave and convex mirrors
- Determining the position, nature, and size of the image
Slide 25
- Ray Diagrams for Lenses
- Rules for drawing ray diagrams
- Ray diagrams for concave and convex lenses
- Determining the position, nature, and size of the image
Slide 26
- Power of a Lens
- Definition of power (P)
- Power equation: P = 1/f
- Units of power: diopters (D)
Slide 27
- Combination of Thin Lenses
- Calculation of effective focal length (feff)
- Calculation of combined power (P)
- Convex-concave, convex-convex, and concave-concave lens combinations
Slide 28
- Optical Instruments
- Human Eye
- Structure and functions
- Accommodation and near point
- Microscopes
- Simple and compound microscopes
- Magnification equation: M = -di/do
- Telescopes
- Refracting and reflecting telescopes
- Magnification equation: M = -fo/fe
- Human Eye
Slide 29
- Huygens’ Principle
- Explanation of wavefronts and wavefront propagation
- Construction of secondary wavelets
- Reflection and refraction based on Huygens’ principle
Slide 30
- Interference of Light
- Coherent sources and superposition of waves
- Constructive and destructive interference
- Interference equation: Δx = mλ (m = 0, ±1, ±2…)
- Young’s Double Slit Experiment
- Setup and working principle
- Determination of fringe width and central maximum
Basics of Electronic Communication Systems Modulation and Its Necessity Basic Element of communication system