Topic: Introduction to Physics

• Definition of Physics
• Scope and branches of Physics
• Importance of studying Physics
• Application of Physics in everyday life
• Basic concepts and principles in Physics

Topic: Motion and Measurement

• Definition and types of motion
• Scalars and vectors
• Distance and displacement
• Speed and velocity
• Acceleration and deceleration

Topic: Laws of Motion

• Newton’s laws of motion
• Inertia and mass
• Momentum and impulse
• Applications of Newton’s laws of motion
• Friction and its types

Topic: Work, Power, and Energy

• Definition of work
• Work-energy theorem
• Power and its units
• Kinetic and potential energy
• Conservation of mechanical energy

Topic: Gravitation

• Universal law of gravitation
• Gravitational force and its properties
• Weight and mass
• Gravitational potential energy
• Escape velocity

Topic: Thermodynamics

• Laws of thermodynamics
• Heat and temperature
• Specific heat capacity
• Ideal gas laws
• Thermal expansion

Topic: Electrostatics

• Electric charge and its properties
• Coulomb’s law
• Electric field and its lines of force
• Electric potential and potential difference
• Capacitors and their applications

Topic: Current Electricity

• Electric current and its types
• Ohm’s law and resistance
• Kirchhoff’s laws
• Series and parallel circuits
• Electric power and electrical energy

Topic: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

• Magnetic field and its properties
• Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor
• Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor
• Electromagnetic induction
• Transformers and their applications

Topic: Electromagnetic Waves

• Electromagnetic spectrum
• Properties and uses of electromagnetic waves
• Speed of light and its relation to refractive index
• Reflection, refraction, and diffraction of light
• Dispersion and polarization of light

Topic: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

• Laws of reflection and refraction
• Refraction through a prism
• Snell’s law and critical angle
• Lens formula and magnification
• Optical instruments: microscope, telescope, and camera

Topic: Wave Optics

• Types of waves
• Huygens’ principle
• Interference of light
• Young’s double-slit experiment
• Diffraction of light

Topic: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

• Photoelectric effect and its observations
• Einstein’s photoelectric equation
• De Broglie wavelength
• Davisson-Germer experiment
• Applications of matter waves

Topic: Atoms and Nuclei

• Rutherford’s nuclear model
• Atomic spectra and Bohr’s model
• Electron transitions and energy levels
• Radioactivity and decay
• Nuclear reactions and fission/fusion

Topic: Electronic Devices

• PN junction and diode
• Transistors and its types
• Amplifiers and oscillators
• Digital logic gates
• Integrated circuits and microprocessors

Topic: Communication Systems

• Elements of a communication system
• Modulation and demodulation
• Amplitude modulation (AM)
• Frequency modulation (FM)
• Noise and its effects on communication signals

Topic: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

• Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
• Lenz’s law and self/mutual induction
• Generators and motors
• Alternating current and voltage
• AC circuits and power

Topic: Physics of Solids

• Elasticity and its types
• Stress and strain
• Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio
• Superconductivity and semiconductors
• Band theory of solids

Topic: Optics and Modern Physics Applications

• Fiber optics and total internal reflection
• Laser and its applications
• X-rays and their uses
• Medical imaging techniques
• Quantum mechanics and its significance

Topic: Nuclear and Particle Physics

• Elementary particles and their classification
• Quarks and leptons
• Strong and weak nuclear forces
• Particle accelerators and colliders
• Applications in nuclear medicine and research

Topic: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

• Electric potential difference
• Electric potential due to a point charge
• Equipotential surfaces
• Capacitors and capacitance
• Energy stored in capacitors

Topic: Electric Current and its Effects

• Ohm’s law and resistivity
• Electrical conductivity
• Heating effect of electric current
• Electric power and energy
• Electric shocks and safety measures

Topic: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

• Magnetic field due to a straight wire
• Magnetic field due to a circular loop
• Biot-Savart law
• Ampere’s law
• Solenoid and toroid

Topic: Electromagnetic Induction

• Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
• Lenz’s law
• Eddy currents and their applications
• Self-induction and mutual induction
• Alternating current generators

Topic: Alternating Current

• RMS and peak values of AC
• Reactance and impedance
• AC circuit analysis using phasors
• Resonance in AC circuits
• Power factor and power in AC circuits

Topic: Electromagnetic Waves

• Properties of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum
• Reflection, refraction, and diffraction of electromagnetic waves
• Applications of radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves
• Electromagnetic waves and communication

Topic: Optics - Wave and Ray

• Laws of reflection and refraction
• Total internal reflection
• Lens formula and magnification
• Wavefront and Huygens’ principle
• Young’s double-slit experiment

Topic: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

• Photoelectric effect and Einstein’s equation
• Matter waves and de Broglie wavelength
• Davisson-Germer experiment
• Uncertainty principle
• Applications of quantum mechanics

Topic: Atoms, Nuclei, and Electronics

• Atomic models and spectra
• Electron transitions and the Bohr model
• Hydrogen spectrum and Balmer series
• Nuclear structure and radioactivity
• Electronic devices and their applications

Topic: Modern Physics - Particle Physics and Cosmology

• Subatomic particles and their classification
• Quarks, leptons, and bosons
• Standard Model of particle physics
• Particle accelerators and collider experiments
• Big Bang theory and the evolution of the universe