Slide 1

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Introduction to the concept of effective nuclear charge
  • Definition of effective nuclear charge (Zeff)
  • Explanation of how Zeff affects the electron distribution
  • Relationship between Zeff and atomic radius
  • Examples illustrating the concept of effective nuclear charge

Slide 2

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Quantitative calculation of effective nuclear charge
  • Equation for calculating Zeff using Slater’s rules
  • Explanation of the parameters used in Slater’s rules
  • Step-by-step method for calculating Zeff
  • Example calculation to demonstrate the application of Slater’s rules

Slide 3

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Importance of effective nuclear charge in determining chemical properties
  • Influence of Zeff on ionization energy
  • Explanation of the trend in ionization energy across a period
  • Connection between Zeff and electron affinity
  • Example illustrating the impact of Zeff on ionization energy

Slide 4

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Effect of Zeff on electron shielding
  • Definition of electron shielding or screening
  • Relationship between electron shielding and Zeff
  • Explanation of the trend in electron shielding across a period
  • Example demonstrating the influence of electron shielding on atomic properties

Slide 5

Topic: Problem Solving Session - Structure of Atom

  • Overview of the problem-solving session
  • Discussion on common difficulties in solving problems related to atomic structure
  • Tips and tricks for approaching atomic structure problems
  • Example problems with step-by-step solutions
  • Encouragement for students to ask questions and actively participate in problem solving

Slide 6

Topic: Problem Solving Session - Structure of Atom

  • Problem 1: Calculating the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) for a given atom
  • Problem 2: Determining the atomic radius based on Zeff and electron configuration
  • Problem 3: Comparing the ionization energy of two atoms based on Zeff
  • Problem 4: Analyzing the effect of electron shielding on atomic properties
  • Solutions and explanations for each problem

Slide 7

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Recap of the concept of effective nuclear charge (Zeff)
  • Importance of Zeff in understanding atomic properties
  • Connection between Zeff and electron distribution
  • Applications of the concept in chemical reactions and bonding
  • Enquiry session for addressing any doubts or questions related to Zeff

Slide 8

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Electron configurations and the periodic table
  • Explanation of how electron configurations are related to Zeff
  • Connection between electron configuration and chemical behavior
  • Examples illustrating the influence of electron configuration on periodic trends
  • Discussion of exceptions to the expected trends

Slide 9

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Relationship between Zeff and the shielding constant
  • Definition of the shielding constant (σ)
  • Calculation of σ using Slater’s rules
  • Connection between σ and effective nuclear charge
  • Example calculation to determine the shielding constant

Slide 10

Topic: Structure of Atom - Effective nuclear charge

  • Recap of Slater’s rules for calculating Zeff
  • Summary of the factors considered in Slater’s rules
  • Importance of understanding Zeff in the context of atomic structure
  • Final thoughts and encouragement for further exploration of the topic

Slide 11

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Numbers

  • Introduction to quantum numbers in atomic structure
  • Explanation of principal quantum number (n)
    • Definition and characteristics of n
    • Possible values of n and corresponding energy levels
  • Examples of electron configurations using principal quantum number

Slide 12

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Numbers

  • Introduction to azimuthal quantum number (l)
  • Definition and characteristics of l
  • Relationship between l and subshells (s, p, d, f)
  • Examples of electron configurations using azimuthal quantum number

Slide 13

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Numbers

  • Introduction to magnetic quantum number (ml)
  • Definition and characteristics of ml
  • Relationship between ml and orbitals
  • Examples of electron configurations using magnetic quantum number

Slide 14

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Numbers

  • Introduction to spin quantum number (ms)
  • Definition and characteristics of ms
  • Explanation of Pauli’s exclusion principle
  • Examples of electron configurations using spin quantum number

Slide 15

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Numbers

  • Recap of the four quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms)
  • Explanation of how the quantum numbers define electron states
  • Connection between electron states and atomic properties
  • Application of quantum numbers in predicting chemical behavior
  • Example illustrating the use of quantum numbers in electron configurations

Slide 16

Topic: Structure of Atom - Shells and Subshells

  • Explanation of shells and subshells in atomic structure
  • Definition and characteristics of shells
  • Relationship between shells and principal quantum number (n)
  • Definition and characteristics of subshells
  • Connection between subshells and azimuthal quantum number (l)

Slide 17

Topic: Structure of Atom - Electron Configurations

  • Introduction to electron configurations
  • Definition and explanation of electron configuration notation
  • Examples of electron configurations for different elements
  • Explanation of the periodic table representation based on electron configurations
  • Connection between electron configurations and periodic trends

Slide 18

Topic: Structure of Atom - Hund’s Rule and Aufbau Principle

  • Explanation of Hund’s rule and Aufbau principle
  • Definition and characteristics of Hund’s rule
  • Connection between Hund’s rule and electron spin
  • Explanation of the Aufbau principle and its significance in electron configurations
  • Examples illustrating the application of Hund’s rule and Aufbau principle

Slide 19

Topic: Structure of Atom - Valence Electrons

  • Definition and explanation of valence electrons
  • Importance of valence electrons in chemical bonding
  • Determination of valence electrons based on electron configurations
  • Examples of valence electrons in different elements
  • Connection between valence electrons and reactivity

Slide 20

Topic: Structure of Atom - Electron Configurations of Ions

  • Introduction to electron configurations of ions
  • Explanation of the relationship between ions and electron configurations
  • Comparison of electron configurations of neutral atoms and ions
  • Examples illustrating the electron configurations of ions
  • Significance of electron configurations of ions in ionic bonding.

Slide 21

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Introduction to the quantum mechanical model of the atom
  • Explanation of how the quantum mechanical model superseded the previous models
  • Overview of the key concepts in the model - wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle
  • Discussion on the significance of the Schrödinger equation in the model
  • Examples of quantum mechanical calculations and predictions

Slide 22

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Explanation of wave-particle duality
  • Definition and characteristics of particles and waves
  • Explanation of how electrons exhibit wave-like properties
  • Connection between wave-particle duality and electron behavior in atoms
  • Description of experimental evidence supporting wave-particle duality

Slide 23

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Explanation of the uncertainty principle
  • Definition and explanation of the uncertainty relationship between position and momentum
  • Conceptual understanding of the uncertainty principle
  • Relationship between the uncertainty principle and electron behavior in atoms
  • Examples and illustrations to clarify the uncertainty principle

Slide 24

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Overview of the Schrödinger equation
  • Explanation of the role of the Schrödinger equation in the quantum mechanical model
  • Discussion on the mathematical representation of the wavefunction
  • Explanation of the wavefunction’s interpretation and significance
  • Examples of solving the Schrödinger equation for simple systems

Slide 25

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Introduction to quantum numbers in the quantum mechanical model
  • Explanation of the principal quantum number (n) in the context of the Schrödinger equation
  • Relationship between n and energy levels in the atom
  • Description of the quantized energy levels and electron distribution
  • Examples of electron configurations using quantum numbers

Slide 26

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Explanation of the orbital concept in the quantum mechanical model
  • Definition and characteristics of orbitals
  • Connection between orbitals and quantum numbers (n, l, ml)
  • Description of the shapes and orientations of different orbitals
  • Examples illustrating the arrangement of electrons in orbitals

Slide 27

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Discussion on electron spin in the quantum mechanical model
  • Explanation of the spin quantum number (ms) and its significance
  • Introduction to the concept of spin up and spin down electrons
  • Connection between electron spin and electron configurations
  • Examples of electron configurations using spin quantum number

Slide 28

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Explanation of electron spin and Pauli’s exclusion principle
  • Description of Pauli’s exclusion principle in the context of electron configurations
  • Conceptual understanding of the principle
  • Examples illustrating the application of Pauli’s exclusion principle
  • Importance of the principle in electron behavior and atomic properties

Slide 29

Topic: Structure of Atom - Quantum Mechanical Model

  • Recap of the quantum mechanical model of the atom
  • Summary of the key concepts - wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, Schrödinger equation, quantum numbers
  • Significance of the model in understanding atomic structure
  • Connection between the model and periodic trends and chemical behavior
  • Final thoughts and encouragement for further exploration of the topic