Nitrogen Containing Organic Compounds - Common Names of Aryl Amines

• Aryl amines are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) attached to an aromatic ring.
• These compounds are also known as aromatic amines or anilines.
• Aryl amines can be divided into two groups: primary aryl amines and secondary aryl amines.

Primary Aryl Amines

Primary aryl amines have the following structure: H | R-NH2

• In primary aryl amines, the amino group is directly attached to the aromatic ring.
• The substituent attached to the aromatic ring is denoted by R.
• The common naming of primary aryl amines is generally based on the substituent attached to the aromatic ring.

Examples of Primary Aryl Amines

• Aniline: The simplest primary aryl amine is known as aniline. It has a hydrogen atom as the substituent. H | NH2
• N-methylaniline: This compound has a methyl group (-CH3) as the substituent. H | CH3 | NH2
• N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenamine: In this compound, there is an ethyl group (-C2H5) and a methyl group (-CH3) as substituents. H | CH3 | CH2CH3 | NH2

Secondary Aryl Amines

Secondary aryl amines have the following structure: R' \ N / R''

• In secondary aryl amines, two substituents are attached to the amino group.
• The substituents attached to the amino group are denoted by R’ and R’'.
• The common naming of secondary aryl amines is generally based on the substituents attached to the amino group.

Examples of Secondary Aryl Amines

• N,N-dimethylaniline: This compound has two methyl groups (-CH3) as substituents attached to the amino group. H | CH3 | CH3 | NH2
• N-ethyl-N-methylaniline: In this compound, there is an ethyl group (-C2H5) and a methyl group (-CH3) as substituents attached to the amino group. H | CH3 | CH2CH3 | NH2

Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Aryl Amines

• Aryl amines undergo electrophilic substitution reactions due to the presence of the amino group and the aromatic ring.
• The amino group is a weak electron-donating group, which activates the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions.
• The amino group increases the electron density on the ring, making it more susceptible to attack by electrophiles.

Example: Nitration of Aniline

• Aniline can undergo nitration with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
• The reaction occurs at the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring.
• The nitrogen atom of the amino group is not nitrated. H | NO2 / N \ | H

Example: Acylation of Aniline

• Aniline can undergo acylation with an acyl chloride, such as benzoyl chloride.
• The reaction occurs at the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring.
• The amino group is converted into an amide group (-CONH2). H | CO / N \ | H
• The product formed is known as N-phenylbenzamide.

Biological Importance of Aryl Amines

• Aryl amines play a significant role in biological systems.
• Many pharmaceutical drugs contain aryl amine functional groups.
• They are also found in natural products like alkaloids, which have diverse biological activities.

Example: Caffeine

• Caffeine, a commonly consumed stimulant, contains an aryl amine group.
• It is found in coffee, tea, and various other plant sources.
• The aryl amine group contributes to the stimulatory effects of caffeine on the central nervous system. H | N N | | | | C-CH3 | N | | C O | | O H

11 Markdown Format Slide: Nitrogen Containing Organic Compounds - COMMON NAMES OF ARYL AMINES

• Aryl amines are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) attached to an aromatic ring.
• These compounds are also known as aromatic amines or anilines.
• Aryl amines can be divided into two groups: primary aryl amines and secondary aryl amines.

12 Markdown Format Slide: Primary Aryl Amines

• Primary aryl amines have the following structure:
  • H
  • |
  • R-NH2
• In primary aryl amines, the amino group is directly attached to the aromatic ring.
• The substituent attached to the aromatic ring is denoted by R.
• The common naming of primary aryl amines is generally based on the substituent attached to the aromatic ring.

13 Markdown Format Slide: Examples of Primary Aryl Amines

• Aniline
  • The simplest primary aryl amine is known as aniline. It has a hydrogen atom as the substituent.
  • Structure: H | NH2
• N-methylaniline
  • This compound has a methyl group (-CH3) as the substituent.
  • Structure: CH3 | NH2
• N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenamine
  • In this compound, there is an ethyl group (-C2H5) and a methyl group (-CH3) as substituents.
  • Structure: CH3 | CH2CH3 | NH2

14 Markdown Format Slide: Secondary Aryl Amines

• Secondary aryl amines have the following structure:
  • R'
    • \
  • N
    • /
  • R''
• In secondary aryl amines, two substituents are attached to the amino group.
• The substituents attached to the amino group are denoted by R’ and R’'.
• The common naming of secondary aryl amines is generally based on the substituents attached to the amino group.

15 Markdown Format Slide: Examples of Secondary Aryl Amines

• N,N-dimethylaniline
  • This compound has two methyl groups (-CH3) as substituents attached to the amino group.
  • Structure: CH3 | CH3 | NH2
• N-ethyl-N-methylaniline
  • In this compound, there is an ethyl group (-C2H5) and a methyl group (-CH3) as substituents attached to the amino group.
  • Structure: CH3 | CH2CH3 | NH2

16 Markdown Format Slide: Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Aryl Amines

• Aryl amines undergo electrophilic substitution reactions due to the presence of the amino group and the aromatic ring.
• The amino group is a weak electron-donating group, which activates the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions.
• The amino group increases the electron density on the ring, making it more susceptible to attack by electrophiles.

17 Markdown Format Slide: Example: Nitration of Aniline

• Aniline can undergo nitration with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
• The reaction occurs at the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring.
• The nitrogen atom of the amino group is not nitrated.
  • Structure: H | NO2 | N | H

18 Markdown Format Slide: Example: Acylation of Aniline

• Aniline can undergo acylation with an acyl chloride, such as benzoyl chloride.
• The reaction occurs at the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring.
• The amino group is converted into an amide group (-CONH2).
  • Structure: H | CO | N | H
• The product formed is known as N-phenylbenzamide.

19 Markdown Format Slide: Biological Importance of Aryl Amines

• Aryl amines play a significant role in biological systems.
• Many pharmaceutical drugs contain aryl amine functional groups.
• They are also found in natural products like alkaloids, which have diverse biological activities.

20 Markdown Format Slide: Example: Caffeine

• Caffeine, a commonly consumed stimulant, contains an aryl amine group.
• It is found in coffee, tea, and various other plant sources.
• The aryl amine group contributes to the stimulatory effects of caffeine on the central nervous system.
  • Structure: H | N | N | C-CH3 | N | C-O | O-H

21 Markdown Format Slide: Nitrogen Containing Organic Compounds - COMMON NAMES OF ARYL AMINES

• Aryl amines are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) attached to an aromatic ring.
• These compounds are also known as aromatic amines or anilines.
• Aryl amines can be divided into two groups: primary aryl amines and secondary aryl amines.

22 Markdown Format Slide: Primary Aryl Amines

• Primary aryl amines have the following structure:
  • H
  • |
  • R-NH2
• In primary aryl amines, the amino group is directly attached to the aromatic ring.
• The substituent attached to the aromatic ring is denoted by R.
• The common naming of primary aryl amines is generally based on the substituent attached to the aromatic ring.

23 Markdown Format Slide: Examples of Primary Aryl Amines

• Aniline
  • The simplest primary aryl amine is known as aniline. It has a hydrogen atom as the substituent.
  • Structure: H | NH2
• N-methylaniline
  • This compound has a methyl group (-CH3) as the substituent.
  • Structure: CH3 | NH2
• N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenamine
  • In this compound, there is an ethyl group (-C2H5) and a methyl group (-CH3) as substituents.
  • Structure: CH3 | CH2CH3 | NH2

24 Markdown Format Slide: Secondary Aryl Amines

• Secondary aryl amines have the following structure:
  • R'
    • \
  • N
    • /
  • R''
• In secondary aryl amines, two substituents are attached to the amino group.
• The substituents attached to the amino group are denoted by R’ and R’'.
• The common naming of secondary aryl amines is generally based on the substituents attached to the amino group.

25 Markdown Format Slide: Examples of Secondary Aryl Amines

• N,N-dimethylaniline
  • This compound has two methyl groups (-CH3) as substituents attached to the amino group.
  • Structure: CH3 | CH3 | NH2
• N-ethyl-N-methylaniline
  • In this compound, there is an ethyl group (-C2H5) and a methyl group (-CH3) as substituents attached to the amino group.
  • Structure: CH3 | CH2CH3 | NH2

26 Markdown Format Slide: Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Aryl Amines

• Aryl amines undergo electrophilic substitution reactions due to the presence of the amino group and the aromatic ring.
• The amino group is a weak electron-donating group, which activates the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions.
• The amino group increases the electron density on the ring, making it more susceptible to attack by electrophiles.

27 Markdown Format Slide: Example: Nitration of Aniline

• Aniline can undergo nitration with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
• The reaction occurs at the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring.
• The nitrogen atom of the amino group is not nitrated.
  • Structure: H | NO2 | N | H

28 Markdown Format Slide: Example: Acylation of Aniline

• Aniline can undergo acylation with an acyl chloride, such as benzoyl chloride.
• The reaction occurs at the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring.
• The amino group is converted into an amide group (-CONH2).
  • Structure: H | CO | N | H
• The product formed is known as N-phenylbenzamide.

29 Markdown Format Slide: Biological Importance of Aryl Amines

• Aryl amines play a significant role in biological systems.
• Many pharmaceutical drugs contain aryl amine functional groups.
• They are also found in natural products like alkaloids, which have diverse biological activities.

30 Markdown Format Slide: Example: Caffeine

• Caffeine, a commonly consumed stimulant, contains an aryl amine group.
• It is found in coffee, tea, and various other plant sources.
• The aryl amine group contributes to the stimulatory effects of caffeine on the central nervous system.
  • Structure: H | N | N | C-CH3 | N | C-O | O-H