Coordinate Compounds - Equilibria and Formation Constant

• Definition of Coordinate Compounds
• Formation of Coordinate Compounds
• Ligand and Central Metal Ion
• Coordination Number
• Types of Coordinate Compounds
  • Monodentate Ligands
  • Polydentate Ligands
• Chelation and Chelate Effect
• Isomerism in Coordinate Compounds
• Linkage Isomerism
• Coordination Isomerism

11. Isomerism in Coordinate Compounds

• Isomerism Definition
• Structural Isomerism
  • Structural Isomers Example 1
  • Structural Isomers Example 2
• Stereoisomerism
  • Geometric Isomerism
    • Geometric Isomers Example 1
    • Geometric Isomers Example 2
  • Optical Isomerism
    • Chiral Carbon Example
    • Enantiomers Example

12. Linkage Isomerism

• Linkage Isomerism Definition
• Metal-Ligand Bonding
• Coordination Sphere Isomerism
• Examples of Linkage Isomers

13. Coordination Isomerism

• Coordination Isomerism Definition
• Metal Swap
• Example of Coordination Isomer

14. Spectral Properties of Coordinate Compounds

• Color and Electronic Transitions
• Spectrochemical Series
• Crystal Field Theory
• Splitting of d Orbitals
• Importance of Spectral Properties

15. Stability of Coordinate Compounds

• Factors Affecting Stability
• Chelation and Stability
• Hard-Soft Acid-Base Theory
• Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability
• Stability in Aqueous Solutions

16. Equilibrium in Coordinate Compounds

• Chemical Equilibrium
• Equilibrium Constant
• Formation Constant
• Significance of Formation Constant
• Calculation of Formation Constant

17. Factors Affecting Formation Constant

• Nature of Central Metal Ion
• Nature of Ligand
• Coordination Number
• Temperature
• pH of Solution

18. Calculation of Formation Constant

• Stepwise Formation Constants
• Overall Formation Constant
• Calculation Example
• Determination of Equilibrium Concentrations
• Application of Formation Constants

19. Complex Ion Equilibria

• Complex Ion Formation
• Dissociation of Complex Ions
• Complex Ion Formation Equilibrium Equation
• Equilibrium Constants for Complex Ion Formation
• Calculation Example

20. Acid-Base Equilibria of Coordinate Compounds

• Acid-Base Reactions of Ligands
• Acid-Base Properties of Complex Ions
• Calculating pH in the Presence of Coordinate Compounds
• Acid-Base Titrations with Coordinate Compounds
• Buffering Capacity of Coordinate Compounds

21. Thermodynamic Stability of Coordinate Compounds

• Definition of Thermodynamic Stability
• Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium Constant
• Thermodynamic Stability and Formation Constant
• Determining the Stability of Coordinate Compounds
• Example: Calculating ΔG for Coordinate Compound Formation

22. Kinetic Stability of Coordinate Compounds

• Definition of Kinetic Stability
• Factors Affecting Kinetic Stability
• Ligand Substitution Reactions
• Kinetic Inertness and Stability
• Example: Comparing Kinetic Stability of Coordinate Compounds

23. Ligand Exchange Reactions in Coordinate Compounds

• Ligand Exchange Reactions
• Importance of Ligand Exchange
• Example: Ligand Exchange Reaction in Coordination Complex
• Factors Influencing Ligand Exchange Reactions
• Ligand Exchange Mechanisms

24. Kinetics of Ligand Substitution Reactions

• Rate Equations for Ligand Substitution Reactions
• Inner Sphere Mechanism
• Outer Sphere Mechanism
• Associative Mechanism
• Dissociative Mechanism
• Example: Determining Rate Law for Ligand Substitution Reaction

25. Factors Affecting Ligand Substitution Kinetics

• Nature of the Metal Ion
• Nature of the Ligand
• Steric Effects
• Electron Configuration of Metal Ion
• Example: Effect of Ligand on Ligand Substitution Rate

26. Catalysis in Ligand Substitution Reactions

• Homogeneous Catalysis
• Heterogeneous Catalysis
• Importance of Catalysts in Ligand Substitution Reactions
• Example: Catalysts in Ligand Substitution Reactions

27. Acid-Base Equilibria in Coordinate Compounds

• Acid-Base Reactions of Coordinate Compounds
• Acid-Base Properties of Ligands
• Acid-Base Equilibrium Constants
• Example: Calculating pKa of Coordinate Compound
• pH Dependence of Coordinate Compound Stability

28. pH-Dependent Stability Constants

• Influence of pH on Formation Constant
• pH-Dependent Stability Constants
• Effects of Ligand Concentration on Stability
• Example: Determining Complex Stability Constants at Different pH

29. Biological Importance of Coordinate Compounds

• Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes
• Role of Coordinate Compounds in Biological Processes
• Examples of Biochemical Reactions Involving Coordinate Compounds
• Coordination Complexes as Medicinal Agents
• Example: Platinum-Based Anti-Cancer Drugs

30. Applications of Coordinate Compounds

• Industrial Applications
• Catalysis in Industrial Processes
• Coordination Complexes in Dyes and Pigments
• Environmental Applications
• Example: Coordination Complexes in Water Treatment