Chemistry of Group 14 Elements - Carbon Disulphide

• Introduction to Group 14 elements
• Properties of Group 14 elements:
  • Carbon
    • Four valence electrons
    • Forms covalent bonds
    • Tetrahedral geometry
  • Silicon, germanium, tin, and lead
    • Greater atomic size
    • Increasing metallic character
• Carbon disulphide (CS2)
• Preparation of carbon disulphide
  • Industrial method: Direct combination of carbon and sulphur
  • Laboratory method: Reaction between methanol and sulphuric acid
• Physical properties:
  • Colorless liquid
  • Volatile and flammable
  • Strong odor
• Chemical properties:
  • Reacts with oxidizing agents
  • Combustible
  • Forms complexes with transition metals
• Uses of carbon disulphide
  • Solvent for rubber, fats, and resins
  • Pesticides production
  • Synthesis of organic compounds like xanthates
• Precautions while handling carbon disulphide
• Examples of carbon disulphide reactions
• Summary of key points

11. Chemical Reactions of Carbon Disulphide

• Carbon disulphide undergoes combustion reaction to produce carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide:
  • CS2 + 3O2 → CO2 + 2SO2
• It reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to form phosgene gas:
  • CS2 + 3Cl2 → COCl2 + S2Cl2
• Carbon disulphide can be hydrolyzed by water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide:
  • CS2 + 2H2O → CO2 + 2H2S

12. Complex Formation with Transition Metals

• Carbon disulphide can form complexes with transition metals, such as iron, cobalt, and nickel.
• These complexes have various applications in catalysis and industrial processes.
• Example: Formation of tetracarbonyl nickel complex
  • Ni(CO)4 + 2CS2 → Ni(CS2)2 + 4CO

13. Industrial Uses of Carbon Disulphide

• Carbon disulphide is used as a solvent in the manufacturing of rubber, fats, and resins.
• It is used in the production of pesticides for agricultural purposes.
• Carbon disulphide is also used in the synthesis of organic compounds, such as xanthates, which are used in the production of rubber accelerators.

14. Laboratory Uses of Carbon Disulphide

• Carbon disulphide is used as a reagent in various laboratory experiments and reactions.
• It is used as a solvent in organic chemistry experiments.
• It can be used as a source of sulfur in the synthesis of certain organic compounds.

15. Precautions while Handling Carbon Disulphide

• Carbon disulphide is flammable and volatile, so it should be stored and handled with caution.
• It has a strong odor, so it should be used in a well-ventilated area.
• Protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, should be worn while handling carbon disulphide.

16. Example Reaction: Combustion of Carbon Disulphide

• Example: Combustion of carbon disulphide in oxygen:
  • CS2 + 3O2 → CO2 + 2SO2

17. Example Reaction: Formation of Phosgene

• Example: Reaction of carbon disulphide with chlorine in the presence of sunlight:
  • CS2 + 3Cl2 → COCl2 + S2Cl2

18. Example Reaction: Hydrolysis of Carbon Disulphide

• Example: Hydrolysis of carbon disulphide with water:
  • CS2 + 2H2O → CO2 + 2H2S

19. Example: Formation of Nickel Tetracarbonyl Complex

• Example: Reaction of carbon disulphide with nickel tetracarbonyl:
  • Ni(CO)4 + 2CS2 → Ni(CS2)2 + 4CO

20. Summary of Key Points

• Carbon disulphide is a chemical compound with the formula CS2.
• It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor.
• It can be prepared by the direct combination of carbon and sulphur or by the reaction between methanol and sulphuric acid.
• Carbon disulphide has various chemical reactions, such as combustion, hydrolysis, and complex formation with transition metals.
• It is used as a solvent in industry and laboratory, as well as in the production of pesticides and organic compounds. Precautions should be taken while handling it due to its flammability and volatility.

21. Physical Properties of Carbon Disulphide

• Colorless liquid with a strong odor
• Volatile and flammable
• Boiling point: 46.7°C
• Density: 1.26 g/cm³
• Miscible with organic solvents, but immiscible with water

22. Chemical Properties of Carbon Disulphide

• Reacts with oxidizing agents, such as nitric acid, to produce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
• Combustible in the presence of an ignition source
• Forms complexes with transition metals, such as iron and cobalt
• Undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide

23. Industrial Uses of Carbon Disulphide

• Used as a solvent in the manufacturing of rubber, fats, and resins
• Used in the production of pesticides for agricultural purposes
• Used in the synthesis of organic compounds, such as xanthates, which are used as rubber accelerators

24. Laboratory Uses of Carbon Disulphide

• Used as a solvent in organic chemistry experiments
• Used as a source of sulfur in the synthesis of certain organic compounds
• Used as a reagent in various laboratory reactions, such as hydroboration reactions

25. Safety Precautions while Handling Carbon Disulphide

• Store and handle carbon disulphide in a well-ventilated area
• Avoid exposure to flames, sparks, and heat sources, as it is flammable
• Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, while handling it
• Avoid inhalation and skin contact, as it can cause irritation and toxicity

26. Example Reaction: Combustion of Carbon Disulphide

• Example: Combustion of carbon disulphide in the presence of oxygen produces carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide:
  • CS2 + 3O2 → CO2 + 2SO2

27. Example Reaction: Hydrolysis of Carbon Disulphide

• Example: Hydrolysis of carbon disulphide with water yields carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide:
  • CS2 + 2H2O → CO2 + 2H2S

28. Example Reaction: Formation of Nickel Tetracarbonyl Complex

• Example: Reaction of carbon disulphide with nickel tetracarbonyl forms nickel bis(dimethylcarbamodithioate) complex:
  • Ni(CO)4 + 2CS2 → Ni(CS2)2 + 4CO

29. Common Applications of Carbon Disulphide

• Used as a solvent for extraction and purification processes in the chemical industry
• Used in the production of viscose rayon fibers and cellophane films
• Used in the manufacturing of carbon nanotubes and as a precursor in the production of graphene
• Used as a rubber vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry

30. Summary of Key Points

• Carbon disulphide is a colorless liquid with a strong odor.
• It has various industrial and laboratory applications as a solvent and reagent.
• Carbon disulphide reacts with oxidizing agents, undergoes combustion and hydrolysis reactions, and forms complexes with transition metals.
• Safety precautions should be taken while handling carbon disulphide due to its flammability and toxicity.
• It is used in the production of rubber, pesticides, and organic compounds.