Chemistry in Everyday life

  • Introduction to the topic
  • Importance of understanding chemistry in daily life
  • Overview of the lecture

Definition of Chemistry

  • Study of matter, its composition, properties, and transformations
  • Branches of chemistry: organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, etc.

Role of Chemistry in Everyday Life

  • Medicines and drugs
  • Food and nutrition
  • Cosmetics and personal care products
  • Cleaning agents and detergents

Medicines and Drugs

  • Definition of medicines and drugs
  • Importance of chemistry in pharmaceutical research
  • Examples of medicines and their chemical compositions
    • Paracetamol (C8H9NO2)
    • Aspirin (C9H8O4)

Food and Nutrition

  • Chemical analysis of food components
    • Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals
  • Role of chemistry in food preservation and processing
  • Examples of chemical reactions in cooking
    • Maillard reaction, caramelization

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

  • Chemistry behind the formulation of cosmetics
  • Chemical processes in hair care, skincare, and body care products
  • Understanding ingredients and their functions

Cleaning Agents and Detergents

  • Chemical principles in cleaning and washing
  • Structure and function of surfactants
  • Role of chemistry in removing stains and dirt

Environmental Applications of Chemistry

  • Air pollution control
  • Water treatment and purification
  • Waste management and recycling

Air Pollution Control

  • Sources of air pollutants
  • Chemistry of air pollution reactions
  • Role of catalysts in reducing air pollution

Water Treatment and Purification

  • Chemistry of water treatment processes
  • Removal of contaminants through chemical reactions
  • Role of chemicals in disinfection and purification

Waste Management and Recycling

  • Chemistry behind waste management techniques
  • Chemical reactions involved in recycling processes
  • Importance of proper waste disposal

Nuclear Chemistry

  • Branch of chemistry that studies nuclear reactions
  • Radioactivity and radioactive decay
  • Applications of nuclear chemistry in medicine, energy, and industry

Organic Chemistry

  • Study of carbon-based compounds
  • Functional groups and their properties
  • Organic reactions and synthesis

Inorganic Chemistry

  • Study of non-carbon based compounds
  • Types of inorganic compounds: acids, bases, salts, metals
  • Chemical properties and reactions of inorganic compounds

Physical Chemistry

  • Study of the physical properties and behavior of matter
  • Thermodynamics, kinetics, and quantum mechanics
  • Chemical equilibrium and electrochemistry

Analytical Chemistry

  • Methods and techniques used to determine chemical composition
  • Qualitative and quantitative analysis
  • Instrumentation in analytical chemistry

Chemical Equations and Reactions

  • Definition and importance of chemical equations
  • Balancing chemical equations
  • Types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, displacement, etc.

Acids, Bases, and Salts

  • Definitions of acids, bases, and salts
  • Acid-base theories: Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis
  • pH scale and indicators

Redox Reactions

  • Definition and importance of redox reactions
  • Oxidation and reduction: electron transfer
  • Balancing redox reactions using half-reactions

Chemical Kinetics

  • Study of the speed of chemical reactions
  • Factors affecting reaction rate
  • Rate laws and reaction mechanisms

Thermodynamics

  • Study of energy changes in chemical reactions
  • Laws of thermodynamics: 1st law, 2nd law, and 3rd law
  • Enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy

Chemical Equilibrium

  • Definition and characteristics of chemical equilibrium
  • Equilibrium constant and expression
  • Le Chatelier’s principle and its applications

Electrochemistry

  • Study of the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions
  • Redox reactions and electrochemical cells
  • Electrolysis and its applications

Organic Reactions

  • Substitution reactions (SN1 and SN2)
  • Addition reactions
  • Elimination reactions

Nuclear Reactions

  • Radioactive decay: alpha, beta, and gamma emission
  • Nuclear fission and fusion reactions
  • Applications of nuclear reactions

Chemical Bonding

  • Types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, metallic
  • Lewis dot structures and octet rule
  • Hybridization and molecular geometry

States of Matter

  • Classification of matter: solid, liquid, gas
  • Intermolecular forces and their effects
  • Phase transitions and phase diagrams

Solutions

  • Definition and properties of solutions
  • Concentration units: molarity, molality, mole fraction
  • Colligative properties of solutions

Acids and Bases

  • Definitions of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis)
  • Acid-base titrations and indicators
  • pH calculations and buffer solutions

Chemical Analysis Techniques

  • Spectroscopy (UV-Vis, IR, NMR)
  • Chromatography (gas chromatography, liquid chromatography)
  • Mass spectrometry
  • X-ray diffraction Chemistry in Everyday life - References:
  • Atkins, P., & de Paula, J. (2017). Physical chemistry. Oxford University Press.
  • Kotz, J. C., Treichel, P. M., & Weaver, G. C. (2015). Chemistry and chemical reactivity. Cengage Learning.
  • Morrison, R. T., & Boyd, R. N. (2016). Organic chemistry. Pearson.
  • Smith, J. G., & Hashemi, J. (2020). Foundations of materials science and engineering. McGraw-Hill. Note: This presentation is designed for educational purposes only.