Slide 1

• Introduction to Drug-Protein Interaction
• Importance and relevance of studying drug-protein interactions
• Role of proteins in the human body
• Examples of proteins targeted by drugs

Slide 2

• Definition of Drug-Protein Interaction
• Mechanisms of drug-protein interactions
• Types of drug-protein interactions (covalent, non-covalent)
• Factors influencing drug-protein interactions

Slide 3

• Non-covalent drug-protein interactions:
  • Hydrogen bonding
  • Van der Waals interactions
  • Ionic interactions
  • Pi-pi stacking
  • Hydrophobic interactions

Slide 4

• Covalent drug-protein interactions:
  • Covalent bonding with amino acid residues
  • Formation of irreversible complexes
  • Examples: acetylation, alkylation

Slide 5

• Drug-receptor interactions:
  • Types of receptors (ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, enzyme-linked receptors)
  • Ligand-binding domains in receptors
  • Agonists and antagonists
  • Examples of drug-receptor interactions

Slide 6

• Drug-enzyme interactions:
  • Enzyme inhibition (competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive)
  • Enzyme induction
  • Examples of drugs targeting enzymes

Slide 7

• Drug-carrier protein interactions:
  • Role of carrier proteins in drug transport
  • Drug binding to plasma proteins
  • Examples of drugs transported by carrier proteins

Slide 8

• Drug-albumin interactions:
  • Albumin as the most abundant plasma protein
  • Drug binding to albumin
  • Influence of drug-albumin binding on pharmacokinetics

Slide 9

• Drug-transporter interactions:
  • Role of transporter proteins in drug transport across cell membranes
  • Types of transporter proteins (ATP-dependent, passive transporters)
  • Drug-drug interactions involving transporters

Slide 10

• Drug-protein binding affinity and specificity:
  • Determinants of binding affinity
  • Methods to measure drug-protein binding
  • Factors affecting binding specificity
  • Significance of binding affinity and specificity

Slide 11

• Drug absorption:
  • Routes of drug administration (oral, intravenous, topical, inhalation)
  • Factors affecting drug absorption (solubility, pH, membrane permeability)
  • Examples of drugs with different absorption characteristics

Slide 12

• Drug distribution:
  • Blood-brain barrier and its impact on drug distribution
  • Drug distribution into different body compartments
  • Protein binding and its influence on drug distribution
  • Examples of drugs with different distribution patterns

Slide 13

• Drug metabolism:
  • Phase I and Phase II reactions
  • Role of enzymes in drug metabolism
  • Factors influencing drug metabolism (genetics, drug interactions)
  • Examples of drugs metabolized by different pathways

Slide 14

• Drug excretion:
  • Routes of drug excretion (renal, biliary, pulmonary)
  • Factors influencing drug excretion (filtration, reabsorption, secretion)
  • Examples of drugs excreted through different routes

Slide 15

• Drug half-life:
  • Definition of drug half-life
  • Factors influencing drug half-life
  • Calculation of drug half-life using pharmacokinetic parameters
  • Example calculations

Slide 16

• Drug-drug interactions:
  • Definition and types of drug-drug interactions (pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic)
  • Examples of drug-drug interactions (CYP450 interactions, additive effects)
  • Potential consequences of drug-drug interactions

Slide 17

• Drug-food interactions:
  • Examples of food components affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
  • Significance of considering drug-food interactions in clinical practice
  • Examples of drugs affected by food interactions

Slide 18

• Drug interactions with other substances:
  • Examples of interactions with alcohol, tobacco, herbal products
  • Influence of these interactions on drug efficacy and safety
  • Importance of informing healthcare providers about all substances consumed

Slide 19

• Pharmacogenetics:
  • Definition and importance of pharmacogenetics
  • Examples of genetic variations affecting drug response (CYP2C9, TPMT)
  • Personalized medicine and its implications in drug therapy

Slide 20

• Drug resistance:
  • Definition and types of drug resistance (acquired, innate)
  • Mechanisms of drug resistance (efflux pumps, target modifications)
  • Strategies to overcome drug resistance
  • Examples of drug-resistant pathogens

Slide 21

• Introduction to Chemistry in Everyday Life
  • Relevance and significance of studying chemistry in everyday life
  • Examples of chemical interactions and reactions in daily activities

Slide 22

• Drug-Protein Interaction
  • Definition and importance of drug-protein interaction
  • Role of proteins in the human body
  • Examples of drug targets in proteins

Slide 23

• Types of Drug-Protein Interactions
  • Non-covalent interactions
    • Hydrogen bonding
    • Van der Waals forces
    • Ionic interactions
  • Covalent interactions

Slide 24

• Non-covalent Drug-Protein Interactions
  • Hydrogen Bonding
    • Example: Hydrogen bonding between acetylcholine and its receptor
  • Van der Waals Forces
    • Example: Van der Waals interactions between drug molecules and albumin
  • Ionic Interactions
    • Example: Ionic interactions between proton pump inhibitors and H+/K+ ATPase enzyme

Slide 25

• Covalent Drug-Protein Interactions
  • Covalent Bonding with Amino Acid Residues
    • Example: Acetylation of histone proteins by aspirin
  • Formation of Irreversible Complexes
    • Example: Covalent binding of thalidomide to teratogenic target proteins

Slide 26

• Drug-Protein Interactions in Enzymes
  • Competitive Inhibition
  • Non-competitive Inhibition
  • Uncompetitive Inhibition
  • Example: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphate pesticides

Slide 27

• Drug-Protein Interactions in Receptors
  • Agonists
  • Antagonists
  • Example: Binding of opioids to opioid receptors

Slide 28

• Drug-Protein Interactions in Transporters
  • Role of transporters in drug transport
  • Example: Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by verapamil

Slide 29

• Drug-Protein Interactions in Carrier Proteins
  • Role of carrier proteins in drug distribution
  • Example: Binding of warfarin to albumin

Slide 30

• Conclusion
  • Recap of drug-protein interactions discussed
  • Importance of understanding drug-protein interactions in drug discovery and development
  • Future prospects and advancements in the field of drug-protein interactions