Chemical Kinetics - Enzymes as Catalyst

Slide 1:

  • Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
  • Definition of Enzymes as Catalysts
  • Importance of Enzymes in Biological Systems

Slide 2:

  • Chemical Reaction Rates
  • Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction
  • Collision Theory and Activation Energy

Slide 3:

  • Enzyme-Substrate Complex
  • Lock and Key Model
  • Induced Fit Model

Slide 4:

  • Enzyme Action and Kinetics
  • Michaelis-Menten Equation
  • Initial Rate of Reaction

Slide 5:

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Reversible Inhibitors
  • Competitive Inhibitors

Slide 6:

  • Noncompetitive Inhibitors
  • Irreversible Inhibitors

Slide 7:

  • Allosteric Regulation of Enzymes
  • Positive and Negative Allosteric Modulators

Slide 8:

  • Enzyme Cofactors and Coenzymes
  • Activators and Inhibitors
  • Examples of Cofactors and Coenzymes

Slide 9:

  • Allosteric Control of Enzyme Activity
  • Feedback Inhibition
  • Allosteric Enzyme Examples

Slide 10:

  • Industrial Applications of Enzymes as Catalysts
  • Enzymes in Food Industry
  • Enzymes in Detergent Production

Slide 11:

  • Enzymes in Pharmaceutical Industry
  • Drug Design and Development
  • Therapeutic Enzymes and their Applications
  • Examples: Lipase, Protease, Amylase

Slide 12:

  • Enzymes in Agriculture
  • Plant Growth Regulators
  • Enzymes in Bioremediation
  • Examples: Cellulases, Laccases

Slide 13:

  • Enzymes in Textile Industry
  • Textile Processing Enzymes
  • Biopolishing and Biofinishing
  • Examples: Pectinases, Catalases

Slide 14:

  • Enzymes in Brewing and Distillation
  • Role of Enzymes in Alcohol Production
  • Enzymes in Beer and Whiskey Production
  • Examples: Amylases, Glucoamylases

Slide 15:

  • Enzymes in Paper and Pulp Industry
  • Biobleaching and Deinking
  • Cost and Environmental Benefits
  • Examples: Xylanases, Cellulases

Slide 16:

  • Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
  • Temperature and pH Optima
  • Denaturation of Enzymes
  • Substrate Concentration

Slide 17:

  • Enzyme Immobilization
  • Methods: Adsorption, Covalent Binding
  • Benefits and Applications
  • Examples: Immobilized Enzyme Bioreactors

Slide 18:

  • Enzyme Engineering and Directed Evolution
  • Rational Design and Random Mutagenesis
  • Screening and Selection Techniques
  • Examples: Directed Evolution of Enzymes

Slide 19:

  • Enzyme Kinetics and Graphical Representations
  • Lineweaver-Burk Plot
  • Eadie-Hofstee Plot
  • Calculation of Km and Vmax

Slide 20:

  • Enzyme Regulation in Metabolic Pathways
  • Feedback Inhibition and Allosteric Regulation
  • Control of Metabolic Flux
  • Examples: Glycolysis, TCA Cycle

Slide 21:

  • Enzyme-Coenzyme Complex
  • Role of Coenzymes in Enzyme Catalysis
  • Examples: NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme A

Slide 22:

  • Enzyme Activity Assays
  • Spectrophotometric Assays
  • Radiometric Assays
  • Fluorometric Assays

Slide 23:

  • Enzyme Kinetics: Steady State Assumption
  • Determination of Rate Constants
  • Calculation of Turnover Number

Slide 24:

  • Enzyme Regulation by pH and Temperature
  • Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
  • Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
  • Optimum pH and Temperature

Slide 25:

  • Enzyme Inhibition Kinetics
  • Competitive Inhibition
  • Noncompetitive Inhibition
  • Mixed Inhibition

Slide 26:

  • Enzyme Catalysis Mechanisms
  • Acid-Base Catalysis
  • Covalent Catalysis
  • Metal Ion Catalysis

Slide 27:

  • Enzyme Classification
  • Six Main Classes of Enzymes
  • Examples and Functions of Each Class

Slide 28:

  • Enzymes in DNA Replication and Repair
  • DNA Polymerases and Ligases
  • DNA Repair Enzymes
  • Examples: DNA Polymerase, Endonuclease

Slide 29:

  • Enzymes in Photosynthesis
  • Calvin Cycle Enzymes
  • ATP Synthase
  • Examples: Rubisco, NADP+ reductase

Slide 30:

  • Enzymes in Cellular Respiration
  • Enzymes in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle
  • Enzymes involved in Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Examples: Hexokinase, Citrate Synthase