Chemical Kinetics - Enzymes as Catalyst
Slide 1:
- Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
- Definition of Enzymes as Catalysts
- Importance of Enzymes in Biological Systems
Slide 2:
- Chemical Reaction Rates
- Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction
- Collision Theory and Activation Energy
Slide 3:
- Enzyme-Substrate Complex
- Lock and Key Model
- Induced Fit Model
Slide 4:
- Enzyme Action and Kinetics
- Michaelis-Menten Equation
- Initial Rate of Reaction
Slide 5:
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Reversible Inhibitors
- Competitive Inhibitors
Slide 6:
- Noncompetitive Inhibitors
- Irreversible Inhibitors
Slide 7:
- Allosteric Regulation of Enzymes
- Positive and Negative Allosteric Modulators
Slide 8:
- Enzyme Cofactors and Coenzymes
- Activators and Inhibitors
- Examples of Cofactors and Coenzymes
Slide 9:
- Allosteric Control of Enzyme Activity
- Feedback Inhibition
- Allosteric Enzyme Examples
Slide 10:
- Industrial Applications of Enzymes as Catalysts
- Enzymes in Food Industry
- Enzymes in Detergent Production
Slide 11:
- Enzymes in Pharmaceutical Industry
- Drug Design and Development
- Therapeutic Enzymes and their Applications
- Examples: Lipase, Protease, Amylase
Slide 12:
- Enzymes in Agriculture
- Plant Growth Regulators
- Enzymes in Bioremediation
- Examples: Cellulases, Laccases
Slide 13:
- Enzymes in Textile Industry
- Textile Processing Enzymes
- Biopolishing and Biofinishing
- Examples: Pectinases, Catalases
Slide 14:
- Enzymes in Brewing and Distillation
- Role of Enzymes in Alcohol Production
- Enzymes in Beer and Whiskey Production
- Examples: Amylases, Glucoamylases
Slide 15:
- Enzymes in Paper and Pulp Industry
- Biobleaching and Deinking
- Cost and Environmental Benefits
- Examples: Xylanases, Cellulases
Slide 16:
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Temperature and pH Optima
- Denaturation of Enzymes
- Substrate Concentration
Slide 17:
- Enzyme Immobilization
- Methods: Adsorption, Covalent Binding
- Benefits and Applications
- Examples: Immobilized Enzyme Bioreactors
Slide 18:
- Enzyme Engineering and Directed Evolution
- Rational Design and Random Mutagenesis
- Screening and Selection Techniques
- Examples: Directed Evolution of Enzymes
Slide 19:
- Enzyme Kinetics and Graphical Representations
- Lineweaver-Burk Plot
- Eadie-Hofstee Plot
- Calculation of Km and Vmax
Slide 20:
- Enzyme Regulation in Metabolic Pathways
- Feedback Inhibition and Allosteric Regulation
- Control of Metabolic Flux
- Examples: Glycolysis, TCA Cycle
Slide 21:
- Enzyme-Coenzyme Complex
- Role of Coenzymes in Enzyme Catalysis
- Examples: NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme A
Slide 22:
- Enzyme Activity Assays
- Spectrophotometric Assays
- Radiometric Assays
- Fluorometric Assays
Slide 23:
- Enzyme Kinetics: Steady State Assumption
- Determination of Rate Constants
- Calculation of Turnover Number
Slide 24:
- Enzyme Regulation by pH and Temperature
- Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
- Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
- Optimum pH and Temperature
Slide 25:
- Enzyme Inhibition Kinetics
- Competitive Inhibition
- Noncompetitive Inhibition
- Mixed Inhibition
Slide 26:
- Enzyme Catalysis Mechanisms
- Acid-Base Catalysis
- Covalent Catalysis
- Metal Ion Catalysis
Slide 27:
- Enzyme Classification
- Six Main Classes of Enzymes
- Examples and Functions of Each Class
Slide 28:
- Enzymes in DNA Replication and Repair
- DNA Polymerases and Ligases
- DNA Repair Enzymes
- Examples: DNA Polymerase, Endonuclease
Slide 29:
- Enzymes in Photosynthesis
- Calvin Cycle Enzymes
- ATP Synthase
- Examples: Rubisco, NADP+ reductase
Slide 30:
- Enzymes in Cellular Respiration
- Enzymes in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle
- Enzymes involved in Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Examples: Hexokinase, Citrate Synthase
Chemical Kinetics - Enzymes as Catalyst