Slide 11

• Applications of ribosomal RNA sequencing
• Analysis of rRNA gene sequences for phylogenetic studies
• Identification of microbial communities in environmental samples
• Study of gene expression and RNA processing
• Diagnosis of infectious diseases and genetic disorders

Slide 12

• Ribosomes and antibiotic resistance
• Targeting ribosome components to overcome antibiotic resistance
• Mechanisms of resistance to ribosome-targeting antibiotics
• Examples of ribosomal mutations causing antibiotic resistance
• Implications for antibiotic development and treatment strategies

Slide 13

• Ribosomes and antibiotics in agriculture
• Use of ribosome-targeting antibiotics in animal feed
• Impact on livestock health and growth promotion
• Antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings
• Alternatives to antibiotics in agriculture

Slide 14

• Ribosomes, translation, and gene expression regulation
• Role of ribosomes in regulating gene expression
• Ribosome stalling and the role of small noncoding RNAs
• Ribosome-associated quality control mechanisms
• Link between ribosome function and cellular stress response

Slide 15

• Ribosomes and the molecular clock hypothesis
• Use of ribosomal RNA sequences in molecular clock studies
• Estimating evolutionary relationships and divergence times
• Limitations and challenges in molecular clock analysis
• Insights into evolutionary history and speciation events

Slide 16

• Ribosomes and protein folding
• Role of ribosomes in co-translational protein folding
• Chaperones and their interaction with nascent polypeptides
• Ribosome-associated quality control in protein folding
• Protein misfolding and its implications in disease

Slide 17

• Ribosomes and post-translational modifications
• Role of ribosomes in protein glycosylation
• Importance of ribosomal modifications in protein function
• Disease-associated ribosomal modifications
• Therapeutic potential of targeting ribosomal modifications

Slide 18

• Ribosomes and non-canonical translation
• Ribosome reprogramming during stress responses
• Initiation of translation at non-AUG codons
• Ribosome bypassing and ribosome shunting
• Implications for cellular adaptations and disease

Slide 19

• Ribosomes and mitochondrial function
• Role of ribosomes in mitochondrial protein synthesis
• Differences between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ribosomes
• Impact of ribosomal defects on mitochondrial disorders
• Therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial ribosomal diseases

Slide 20

• Conclusion and further reading
• Recap of key concepts related to ribosomes
• Additional resources for in-depth study of ribosome biology
• Importance of understanding ribosome function in diverse fields
• Encouragement for further exploration and research in ribosomal biology

Slide 21

• Role of ribosomes in cellular homeostasis
• Maintaining balance between protein synthesis and degradation
• Relationship between ribosomes and proteasome machinery
• Implications in protein quality control and aging
• Regulatory mechanisms for ribosome turnover

Slide 22

• Ribosomes and stress response pathways
• Activation of ribosome production during stress conditions
• Impact on cellular growth and survival
• Examples of stress-responsive ribosomal genes
• Significance in adaptation and evolution

Slide 23

• Ribosomes and epigenetic regulation
• Influence of ribosome occupancy on gene expression
• Ribosome-associated chromatin modifications
• Association between ribosomes and histone modifications
• Crosstalk between ribosomes and epigenetic marks

Slide 24

• Ribosomal RNA modifications and RNA processing
• Importance of ribosomal RNA modifications in ribosome biogenesis
• Examples of ribosomal RNA modifications and their roles
• Implications for RNA processing and post-transcriptional regulation
• Connection to human diseases and developmental disorders

Slide 25

• Role of ribosomes in viral infections
• Viral takeover of host ribosomes for viral protein synthesis
• Interaction between viral RNA and ribosomes
• Development of antiviral drugs targeting ribosomal proteins
• Emergence of drug-resistant viral strains

Slide 26

• Ribosomes and gene therapy
• Use of ribosome engineering for gene therapy delivery
• Role of ribosomes in efficient translation of therapeutic genes
• Challenges in optimizing ribosome-mediated gene therapy
• Potential future directions in ribosome-based gene therapy

Slide 27

• Ribosomes as targets for cancer therapy
• Dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis in cancer cells
• Targeting ribosomal RNA for cancer treatment
• Ribosome-targeting drugs and their mechanism of action
• Potential side effects and limitations of ribosome-targeted cancer therapies

Slide 28

• Ribosomes in neurodegenerative diseases
• Impaired ribosome function in neurodegenerative disorders
• Relationship between ribosome dysfunction and protein aggregation
• Link between ribosome-associated stress and neuronal cell death
• Therapeutic strategies targeting ribosomes for neuroprotection

Slide 29

• Emerging techniques in ribosome research
• Cryo-electron microscopy for high-resolution ribosome structure determination
• Ribosome profiling combined with next-generation sequencing technologies
• Single-molecule methods for studying ribosome dynamics
• Integration of computational modeling and simulations in ribosome research

Slide 30

• Final remarks and Q&A session
• Recap of key points covered in the lecture
• Invitation for questions and discussions
• Resources for further reading and exploration
• Closing remarks and encouragement for continued interest in ribosomal biology