<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biotechnology--principles-and-processes---dna-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biotechnology- Principles and Processes - DNA </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li><strong>DNA</strong>: Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid</li> <li>Consists of two strands of nucleotides</li> <li>Complementary base pairing (A-T, C-G)</li> <li>Double helix structure</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biotechnology- Principles and Processes - DNA </span> $\rightarrow$ Structure of DNA $\rightarrow$ DNA Replication </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-1"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-structure-of-dna-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Structure of DNA </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Sugar-phosphate backbone</li> <li><strong>Nitrogenous bases</strong>: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)</li> <li><strong>Base pairing rules</strong>: A-T, C-G</li> <li>Antiparallel strands</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Biotechnology- Principles and Processes - DNA $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Structure of DNA </span> $\rightarrow$ DNA Replication $\rightarrow$ Genetic Engineering </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-2"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-dna-replication-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> DNA Replication </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Semiconservative replication</li> <li>Replication fork formation</li> <li><strong>Enzymes involved</strong>: DNA Helicase, DNA Polymerase, DNA Ligase</li> <li>Leading and lagging strands</li> <li>Replication results in two identical DNA molecules</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biotechnology- Principles and Processes - DNA $\rightarrow$ Structure of DNA $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> DNA Replication </span> $\rightarrow$ Genetic Engineering $\rightarrow$ Restriction Enzymes </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-3"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-genetic-engineering-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Genetic Engineering </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Recombinant DNA technology</li> <li>Manipulation of DNA sequences</li> <li><strong>Tools used</strong>: Restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, PCR</li> <li><strong>Applications</strong>: Production of medicines, genetic modification of crops</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Structure of DNA $\rightarrow$ DNA Replication $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Genetic Engineering </span> $\rightarrow$ Restriction Enzymes $\rightarrow$ DNA Cloning </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-4"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-restriction-enzymes-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Restriction Enzymes </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sites</li> <li>Produce sticky or blunt ends</li> <li>Used in genetic engineering to create recombinant DNA</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">DNA Replication $\rightarrow$ Genetic Engineering $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Restriction Enzymes </span> $\rightarrow$ DNA Cloning $\rightarrow$ PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-5"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-dna-cloning-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> DNA Cloning </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Production of identical copies of DNA</li> <li><strong>Steps</strong>: Isolation of target gene, Insertion into cloning vector, Transformation, Selection and identification of clones</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Genetic Engineering $\rightarrow$ Restriction Enzymes $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> DNA Cloning </span> $\rightarrow$ PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction $\rightarrow$ Gel Electrophoresis </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-6"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-pcr-polymerase-chain-reaction-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Technique for amplifying DNA</li> <li><strong>Steps</strong>: Denaturation, Annealing, Extension</li> <li><strong>Uses</strong>: Diagnosis of genetic diseases, DNA fingerprinting, Gene cloning</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Restriction Enzymes $\rightarrow$ DNA Cloning $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction </span> $\rightarrow$ Gel Electrophoresis $\rightarrow$ DNA Sequencing </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-7"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-gel-electrophoresis-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Gel Electrophoresis </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Technique used to separate DNA fragments</li> <li><strong>Principle</strong>: DNA fragments move towards positive electrode based on size</li> <li>Analysis of DNA profiles, paternity testing, forensic investigations</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">DNA Cloning $\rightarrow$ PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Gel Electrophoresis </span> $\rightarrow$ DNA Sequencing $\rightarrow$ Gene Therapy </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-8"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-dna-sequencing-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> DNA Sequencing </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Determination of nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule</li> <li><strong>Methods</strong>: Sanger sequencing, Next-generation sequencing</li> <li><strong>Applications</strong>: Genome mapping, gene sequencing</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction $\rightarrow$ Gel Electrophoresis $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> DNA Sequencing </span> $\rightarrow$ Gene Therapy $\rightarrow$ CRISPR-Cas9 </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-9"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-gene-therapy-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Gene Therapy </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Introduction to gene therapy</li> <li><strong>Gene therapy methods</strong>: Insertion of functional genes, Repair of mutated genes, Deactivation of harmful genes</li> <li><strong>Applications of gene therapy</strong>: Treatment of genetic disorders, Cancer therapy, Vaccines</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Gel Electrophoresis $\rightarrow$ DNA Sequencing $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Gene Therapy </span> $\rightarrow$ CRISPR-Cas9 $\rightarrow$ GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-10"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-crispr-cas9-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> CRISPR-Cas9 </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li><strong>CRISPR-Cas9</strong>: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9</li> <li>Gene editing tool</li> <li><strong>Mechanism of action</strong>: Recognition of target DNA sequence, Cleavage of DNA, DNA repair process</li> <li><strong>Applications</strong>: Disease treatment, Crop improvement, Creation of animal models</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">DNA Sequencing $\rightarrow$ Gene Therapy $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> CRISPR-Cas9 </span> $\rightarrow$ GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms $\rightarrow$ Stem Cells </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-11"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-gmos-genetically-modified-organisms-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Definition and types of GMOs</li> <li><strong>Genetic modification techniques</strong>: Transgenic organisms, Gene knockout, Gene stacking</li> <li><strong>Applications of GMOs</strong>: Improved crop yield, Pest resistance, Disease resistance</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Gene Therapy $\rightarrow$ CRISPR-Cas9 $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms </span> $\rightarrow$ Stem Cells $\rightarrow$ Cloning Techniques </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-12"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-stem-cells-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Stem Cells </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Introduction to stem cells</li> <li><strong>Types of stem cells</strong>: Embryonic stem cells, Adult stem cells, Induced pluripotent stem cells</li> <li>Differentiation potential of stem cells</li> <li><strong>Applications of stem cells</strong>: Tissue regeneration, Disease treatment, Drug discovery</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">CRISPR-Cas9 $\rightarrow$ GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Stem Cells </span> $\rightarrow$ Cloning Techniques $\rightarrow$ DNA Fingerprinting </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-13"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-cloning-techniques-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Cloning Techniques </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li><strong>Different types of cloning</strong>: Reproductive cloning, Therapeutic cloning</li> <li>Process of reproductive cloning</li> <li>Process of therapeutic cloning</li> <li>Ethical concerns and controversies surrounding cloning</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms $\rightarrow$ Stem Cells $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Cloning Techniques </span> $\rightarrow$ DNA Fingerprinting $\rightarrow$ Bioremediation </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-14"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-dna-fingerprinting-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> DNA Fingerprinting </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Principle and applications of DNA fingerprinting</li> <li><strong>Steps involved in DNA fingerprinting</strong>: DNA extraction, Amplification of DNA, Gel electrophoresis, DNA analysis</li> <li><strong>Uses of DNA fingerprinting</strong>: Forensic investigations, Paternity testing, Identification of species</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Stem Cells $\rightarrow$ Cloning Techniques $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> DNA Fingerprinting </span> $\rightarrow$ Bioremediation $\rightarrow$ Synthetic Biology </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-15"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-bioremediation-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Bioremediation </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Definition of bioremediation</li> <li><strong>Types of bioremediation</strong>: Microbial bioremediation, Phytoremediation</li> <li>Role of microorganisms in bioremediation</li> <li><strong>Applications of bioremediation</strong>: Clean-up of oil spills, Removal of toxic chemicals</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Cloning Techniques $\rightarrow$ DNA Fingerprinting $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bioremediation </span> $\rightarrow$ Synthetic Biology $\rightarrow$ Genetic Counseling </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-16"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-synthetic-biology-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Synthetic Biology </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Introduction to synthetic biology</li> <li>Combination of biology and engineering</li> <li>Design and construction of new biological parts and systems</li> <li><strong>Applications of synthetic biology</strong>: Designing new drugs, Creating sustainable energy sources</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">DNA Fingerprinting $\rightarrow$ Bioremediation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Synthetic Biology </span> $\rightarrow$ Genetic Counseling $\rightarrow$ Human Genome Project </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-17"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-genetic-counseling-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Genetic Counseling </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Definition and purpose of genetic counseling</li> <li><strong>Process of genetic counseling</strong>: Evaluation of family and medical history, Genetic testing, Communication of risk and options</li> <li>Benefits and ethical considerations of genetic counseling</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Bioremediation $\rightarrow$ Synthetic Biology $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Genetic Counseling </span> $\rightarrow$ Human Genome Project $\rightarrow$ Recombinant DNA Technology </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-18"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-human-genome-project-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Human Genome Project </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Overview of the Human Genome Project</li> <li>Aims and objectives of the project</li> <li>Methods used for sequencing the human genome</li> <li>Significance of the project in understanding diseases and human diversity</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Synthetic Biology $\rightarrow$ Genetic Counseling $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Human Genome Project </span> $\rightarrow$ Recombinant DNA Technology $\rightarrow$ Gene Expression </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-19"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-recombinant-dna-technology-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Recombinant DNA Technology </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Introduction to recombinant DNA technology</li> <li><strong>Techniques involved</strong>: Cloning, DNA sequencing, Gene expression</li> <li><strong>Applications</strong>: Production of therapeutic proteins, Creation of transgenic organisms, Gene therapy</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Genetic Counseling $\rightarrow$ Human Genome Project $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Recombinant DNA Technology </span> $\rightarrow$ Gene Expression $\rightarrow$ Transcription </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-20"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-gene-expression-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Gene Expression </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Definition of gene expression</li> <li><strong>Transcription</strong>: Synthesis of mRNA from DNA template</li> <li><strong>Translation</strong>: Synthesis of protein from mRNA template</li> <li><strong>Regulation of gene expression</strong>: Transcription factors, Promoters, Enhancers, Repressors</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Human Genome Project $\rightarrow$ Recombinant DNA Technology $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Gene Expression </span> $\rightarrow$ Transcription $\rightarrow$ Translation </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-21"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-transcription-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Transcription </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li><strong>Initiation</strong>: Binding of RNA polymerase to promoter region</li> <li><strong>Elongation</strong>: Addition of nucleotides to growing RNA strand</li> <li><strong>Termination</strong>: Release of RNA molecule from DNA template</li> <li>Role of transcription factors and regulatory elements</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Recombinant DNA Technology $\rightarrow$ Gene Expression $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Transcription </span> $\rightarrow$ Translation $\rightarrow$ Genetic Code </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-22"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-translation-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Translation </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Ribosome structure and function</li> <li><strong>Initiation</strong>: Assembly of ribosome at start codon</li> <li><strong>Elongation</strong>: Stepwise addition of amino acids to growing polypeptide chain</li> <li><strong>Termination</strong>: Release of polypeptide at stop codon</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Gene Expression $\rightarrow$ Transcription $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Translation </span> $\rightarrow$ Genetic Code $\rightarrow$ Mutations </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-23"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-genetic-code-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Genetic Code </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Definition of genetic code</li> <li><strong>Codons</strong>: Three-nucleotide sequences that code for specific amino acids</li> <li>Start codon (AUG) and stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)</li> <li>Degeneracy and universality of the genetic code</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Transcription $\rightarrow$ Translation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Genetic Code </span> $\rightarrow$ Mutations $\rightarrow$ Operons </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-24"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-mutations-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Mutations </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li><strong>Types of mutations</strong>: Point mutations, Insertions, Deletions, Frameshift mutations</li> <li><strong>Causes of mutations</strong>: Spontaneous, Induced by mutagens</li> <li><strong>Effects of mutations</strong>: Silent mutations, Missense mutations, Nonsense mutations</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Translation $\rightarrow$ Genetic Code $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Mutations </span> $\rightarrow$ Operons $\rightarrow$ Genetic Disorders </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-25"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-operons-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Operons </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Definition of operons</li> <li><strong>Structure and components of operons</strong>: Promoter, Operator, Structural genes</li> <li>Inducible and repressible operons</li> <li><strong>Examples</strong>: Lac operon, Trp operon</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Genetic Code $\rightarrow$ Mutations $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Operons </span> $\rightarrow$ Genetic Disorders $\rightarrow$ Evolutionary Biology </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-26"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-genetic-disorders-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Genetic Disorders </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Introduction to genetic disorders</li> <li><strong>Types of genetic disorders</strong>: Single gene disorders, Chromosomal disorders, Multifactorial disorders</li> <li><strong>Examples of genetic disorders</strong>: Cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Diabetes</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Mutations $\rightarrow$ Operons $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Genetic Disorders </span> $\rightarrow$ Evolutionary Biology $\rightarrow$ Human Evolution </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-27"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-evolutionary-biology-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Evolutionary Biology </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Introduction to evolutionary biology</li> <li><strong>Mechanisms of evolution</strong>: Natural selection, Genetic drift, Gene flow, Mutation</li> <li><strong>Evidence for evolution</strong>: Fossil record, Homologous structures, DNA sequence comparisons</li> <li>Speciation and evolutionary patterns</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Operons $\rightarrow$ Genetic Disorders $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Evolutionary Biology </span> $\rightarrow$ Human Evolution $\rightarrow$ </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-dna-success-28"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-human-evolution-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Human Evolution </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Overview of human evolution</li> <li><strong>Hominid evolution</strong>: Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens</li> <li>Cultural and technological advancements in human evolution</li> <li>Impact of human evolution on societies and genetic diversity</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Genetic Disorders $\rightarrow$ Evolutionary Biology $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Human Evolution </span> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ </footer>