Biotechnology- Principles And Processes - Criterion Of Good Vectors

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-bacterial-artificial-chromosome-bac-vectors-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Vectors </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Definition of BAC vectors</li>
<li><strong>Characteristics of BAC vectors</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Large DNA inserts (100-300 kb)</li>
<li>Stable maintenance and propagation in bacterial cells</li>
<li>Suitable for cloning/analysis of entire genes or gene clusters</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Applications</strong>: sequencing of large genomes, gene expression studies</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Criterion of Good Vectors $\rightarrow$ Plasmid Vectors $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Vectors </span> $\rightarrow$ Expression Vectors $\rightarrow$ Viral Vectors </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-expression-vectors-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Expression Vectors </primary></h3>
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<main>
<ul>
<li>Definition of expression vectors</li>
<li><strong>Features of expression vectors</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Contain regulatory sequences (promoters, enhancers) for gene expression</li>
<li>Allow efficient production of desired protein in host cells</li>
<li>Can be inducible or constitutive</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Examples</strong>: pET vectors, pGEX vectors</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Plasmid Vectors $\rightarrow$ Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Vectors $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Expression Vectors </span> $\rightarrow$ Viral Vectors $\rightarrow$ Transgenic Organisms </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-viral-vectors-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Viral Vectors </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Definition of viral vectors</li>
<li><strong>Advantages of viral vectors</strong>:
<ul>
<li>High transduction efficiency in host cells</li>
<li>Ability to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells</li>
<li>Capacity to accommodate large DNA inserts</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Examples</strong>: retroviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, lentiviral vectors</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Vectors $\rightarrow$ Expression Vectors $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Viral Vectors </span> $\rightarrow$ Transgenic Organisms $\rightarrow$ Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-bioethics-in-biotechnology-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Bioethics in Biotechnology </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Introduction to bioethics</li>
<li><strong>Ethical issues in biotechnology</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Informed consent in genetic testing and therapy</li>
<li>Privacy and confidentiality of genetic information</li>
<li>Potential misuse of biotechnology</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Importance of ethical guidelines in biotechnology research and applications</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Transgenic Organisms $\rightarrow$ Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bioethics in Biotechnology </span> $\rightarrow$ Bioremediation $\rightarrow$ DNA Fingerprinting </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-bioremediation-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Bioremediation </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Definition of bioremediation</li>
<li><strong>Applications of bioremediation in environmental restoration</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Degradation of pollutants by microorganisms</li>
<li>Phytoextraction by plants</li>
<li>Mycoremediation using fungi</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Case studies</strong>: cleanup of oil spills, removal of heavy metals</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) $\rightarrow$ Bioethics in Biotechnology $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bioremediation </span> $\rightarrow$ DNA Fingerprinting $\rightarrow$ Biotechnology Principles and Processes - Criterion of Good Vectors </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-dna-fingerprinting-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> DNA Fingerprinting </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Definition of DNA fingerprinting</li>
<li><strong>Principle of DNA fingerprinting</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Polymorphic DNA markers (microsatellites, VNTRs)</li>
<li>Gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments</li>
<li>Analysis and comparison of DNA band patterns</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Applications</strong>: forensic science, paternity testing, wildlife conservation</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Bioethics in Biotechnology $\rightarrow$ Bioremediation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> DNA Fingerprinting </span> $\rightarrow$ Biotechnology Principles and Processes - Criterion of Good Vectors $\rightarrow$ Plasmid Vectors </footer>

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<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes---criterion-of-good-vectors-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biotechnology Principles and Processes - Criterion of Good Vectors </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Ability to self-propagate within host cells</li>
<li>Presence of selectable markers for identifying transformed cells</li>
<li>Compatibility with restriction enzymes for cloning</li>
<li>High copy number for efficient production of desired protein</li>
<li>Stable maintenance and inheritance of inserted DNA</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Bioremediation $\rightarrow$ DNA Fingerprinting $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biotechnology Principles and Processes - Criterion of Good Vectors </span> $\rightarrow$ Plasmid Vectors $\rightarrow$ Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Vectors </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-criterion-of-good-vectors-success-21"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Criterion Of Good Vectors </Success></h3>
<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-bacterial-artificial-chromosome-bac-vectors-primary-1"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Vectors </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Large DNA inserts (100-300 kb)</li>
<li>Stable maintenance and propagation in bacterial cells</li>
<li>Suitable for cloning/analysis of entire genes or gene clusters</li>
<li><strong>Applications</strong>: sequencing of large genomes, gene expression studies</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biotechnology Principles and Processes - Criterion of Good Vectors $\rightarrow$ Plasmid Vectors $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Vectors </span> $\rightarrow$ Expression Vectors $\rightarrow$ Viral Vectors </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biotechnology-principles-and-processes-criterion-of-good-vectors-success-26"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biotechnology Principles And Processes Criterion Of Good Vectors </Success></h3>
<h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-bioethics-in-biotechnology-primary-1"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Bioethics in Biotechnology </primary></h3>
<hr>
<main>
<ul>
<li>Introduction to bioethics</li>
<li><strong>Ethical issues in biotechnology</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Informed consent in genetic testing and therapy</li>
<li>Privacy and confidentiality of genetic information</li>
<li>Potential misuse of biotechnology</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Importance of ethical guidelines in biotechnology research and applications</li>
</ul>
</main>
<hr>
<footer style = "font-size: 18px">Transgenic Organisms $\rightarrow$ Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Bioethics in Biotechnology </span> $\rightarrow$ Bioremediation $\rightarrow$ DNA Fingerprinting </footer>