<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---secondary-structure-of-dna-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>DNA is composed of two polynucleotide chains.</li> <li>The two chains are coiled around each other in a double helix.</li> <li>The structure of DNA is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.</li> <li>The two polynucleotide chains run anti-parallel to each other.</li> <li>The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Base pairing in DNA $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - DNA replication </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-1"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---base-pairing-in-dna-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Base pairing in DNA </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds.</li> <li>Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C) through three hydrogen bonds.</li> <li>Base pairing allows for accurate replication of DNA during cell division.</li> <li>The specificity of base pairing ensures that genetic information is maintained.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px"> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Base pairing in DNA </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - DNA replication $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Central dogma of molecular biology </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-2"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---dna-replication-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - DNA replication </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>DNA replication is a process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.</li> <li>Replication occurs during cell division and is carried out by a series of enzymes.</li> <li>The two strands of DNA are separated to serve as templates for new strands.</li> <li>Complementary nucleotides are added to the templates, following the base pairing rules.</li> <li>DNA replication is a highly accurate process, with an error rate of about one mistake per billion bases.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Base pairing in DNA $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - DNA replication </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Central dogma of molecular biology $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Protein structure </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-3"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---central-dogma-of-molecular-biology-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Central dogma of molecular biology </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information.</li> <li>It states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.</li> <li>Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.</li> <li>Translation is the process of synthesizing protein from an mRNA template.</li> <li>The central dogma is essential for the functioning of cells and the expression of genetic information.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - Base pairing in DNA $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - DNA replication $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Central dogma of molecular biology </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Protein structure $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Types of protein secondary structure </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-4"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---protein-structure-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Protein structure </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids.</li> <li>There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined to form proteins.</li> <li>The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids.</li> <li>The secondary structure refers to the local folding patterns of the protein.</li> <li>The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape of the protein.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - DNA replication $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Central dogma of molecular biology $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Protein structure </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Types of protein secondary structure $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzymes </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-5"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---types-of-protein-secondary-structure-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Types of protein secondary structure </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>The two main types of protein secondary structure are alpha helix and beta sheet.</li> <li>Alpha helix is a right-handed coil stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the amino acids.</li> <li>Beta sheet is a planar structure formed by hydrogen bonding between adjacent strands.</li> <li>Proteins can have a combination of alpha helices and beta sheets in their secondary structure.</li> <li>The secondary structure plays a crucial role in protein stability and function.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - Central dogma of molecular biology $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Protein structure $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Types of protein secondary structure </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzyme-substrate interaction </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-6"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---enzymes-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Enzymes </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.</li> <li>They are usually proteins, but some are made of RNA.</li> <li>Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, allowing it to proceed more quickly.</li> <li>Enzymes are highly specific and usually catalyze only one type of reaction.</li> <li>Enzymes are essential for many biological processes, including metabolism and cellular signaling.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - Protein structure $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Types of protein secondary structure $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Enzymes </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzyme-substrate interaction $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzyme regulation </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-7"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---enzyme-substrate-interaction-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Enzyme-substrate interaction </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Enzymes interact with specific molecules called substrates.</li> <li>The substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.</li> <li>The enzyme catalyzes a reaction on the substrate, converting it into a product.</li> <li>The active site of the enzyme is complementary in shape and chemical properties to the substrate.</li> <li>Enzymes can undergo conformational changes upon substrate binding to enhance catalytic activity.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - Types of protein secondary structure $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzymes $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Enzyme-substrate interaction </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzyme regulation $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-8"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---enzyme-regulation-primary"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Enzyme regulation </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>Enzymes can be regulated to control the rate of biochemical reactions.</li> <li>Regulation can be achieved through various mechanisms, including allosteric regulation and covalent modification.</li> <li>Allosteric regulation involves the binding of a regulatory molecule to a site other than the active site.</li> <li>Covalent modification involves the addition or removal of a chemical group from the enzyme.</li> <li>Enzyme regulation allows cells to respond to changes in their environment and maintain homeostasis.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - Enzymes $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzyme-substrate interaction $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Enzyme regulation </span> $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA $\rightarrow$ </footer>

<h3 id="success-stylefont-size25px-biomolecules-secondary-structure-of-dna-success-9"><Success style="font-size:25px"> Biomolecules Secondary Structure Of Dna </Success></h3> <h3 id="primary-stylefont-size24px-biomolecules---secondary-structure-of-dna-primary-1"><primary style="font-size:24px"> Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA </primary></h3> <hr> <main> <ul> <li>DNA is composed of two polynucleotide chains.</li> <li>The two chains are coiled around each other in a double helix.</li> <li>The structure of DNA is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.</li> <li>The two polynucleotide chains run anti-parallel to each other.</li> <li>The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.</li> </ul> </main> <hr> <footer style = "font-size: 18px">Biomolecules - Enzyme-substrate interaction $\rightarrow$ Biomolecules - Enzyme regulation $\rightarrow$ <span style = "color:blue"> Biomolecules - Secondary structure of DNA </span> $\rightarrow$ $\rightarrow$ </footer>